e. You pat your friend on the back f. A wave hits a rocky shore 13. Which exerts more force, the Earth pulling on the moon or the moon pulling on the Earth? Explain.

1. According to Newton’s Third Law of Motion, whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first. This means the forces always come in pairs. 2. In the Earth–Moon system, the gravitational force that the Earth exerts on the Moon is given by \[ F = G \frac{m_{\text{Earth}} \, m_{\text{Moon}}}{r^2} \] where \(G\) is the gravitational constant, \(m_{\text{Earth}}\) and \(m_{\text{Moon}}\) are the masses of the Earth and Moon respectively, and \(r\) is the distance between their centers. 3. By Newton’s Third Law, the gravitational force that the Moon exerts on the Earth is exactly the same in magnitude as the force the Earth exerts on the Moon, though it acts in the opposite direction. Thus, the Earth pulling on the Moon and the Moon pulling on the Earth exert equal forces.