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Find the intervals on which the graph of I is concave upward, the intorvals on which the graph of \( f \) is concave downwarc, and the inflection points \[ f(x)=x^{15}+3 x^{2} \] For what interval(s) of x is the graph of f concavo upward? Seloct the correct choica below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box to complete your choice. A. \( (-\infty, \infty) \) (Type your answer in inlerval notation. Type an exact answor. Uso a comma to soparate answers as needed.) B. The graph is never concavo upward. For what interva(s) of \( x \) is the graph of f concavo downward? Select the conect choice beiow and, if necessary, fill in the answer box to compete your choice. A \( \square \) (Type your answor in inlerval notation Type an exacl answer. Use a comma to soparato answors as noedod.) B. The graph is never concave downward. Determine the \( \times \) coordinates of any inflection points of the graph of \( I(x) \). Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fil in the answer box to complete your cheico. A. \( \square \) (Type an exacl answer. Use a comma to separate answers as needed.) B. There are no inflection points.

Ask by Mccoy Burton. in the United States
Mar 11,2025

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Answer

- **Concave Upward:** \( \left(-35^{-1/13}, \infty\right) \) - **Concave Downward:** \( \left(-\infty, -35^{-1/13}\right) \) - **Inflection Point:** \( x = -35^{-1/13} \)

Solution

Let \[ f(x)=x^{15}+3x^{2}. \] **Step 1. Compute the second derivative** Differentiate twice. First, the first derivative is \[ f'(x)=15x^{14}+6x. \] Then the second derivative is \[ f''(x)=15 \cdot 14 \, x^{13}+6=210x^{13}+6. \] **Step 2. Set up the concavity inequality** The concavity is determined by the sign of \( f''(x) \): - \(f\) is concave upward when \(f''(x) > 0\). - \(f\) is concave downward when \(f''(x) < 0\). We have \[ 210x^{13}+6>0. \] Subtract 6: \[ 210x^{13}>-6. \] Divide by 210 (since 210 is positive, the inequality sign does not change): \[ x^{13}>-\frac{6}{210}=-\frac{1}{35}. \] Because the function \( x^{13} \) is strictly increasing (since 13 is odd), the inequality \[ x^{13}>-\frac{1}{35} \] holds exactly when \[ x> -\sqrt[13]{\frac{1}{35}}, \] or equivalently, \[ x> -35^{-1/13}. \] **Step 3. Determine the intervals for concavity** - The graph is concave upward when \[ x> -35^{-1/13}, \] so in interval notation: \[ \left(-35^{-1/13},\infty\right). \] - Similarly, \(f\) is concave downward when \[ x^{13}<-\frac{1}{35} \] that is, when \[ x< -35^{-1/13}, \] so in interval notation: \[ \left(-\infty,-35^{-1/13}\right). \] **Step 4. Find the inflection point(s)** An inflection point occurs when \( f''(x)=0 \) and the concavity changes. Set the second derivative equal to zero: \[ 210x^{13}+6=0 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad 210x^{13}=-6 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad x^{13}=-\frac{6}{210}=-\frac{1}{35}. \] Taking the 13th root on both sides (which is valid since 13 is odd), we obtain: \[ x=-\sqrt[13]{\frac{1}{35}} = -35^{-1/13}. \] Since the sign of \( f''(x) \) changes from negative (for \( x<-35^{-1/13} \)) to positive (for \( x>-35^{-1/13} \)), there is an inflection point at \[ x=-35^{-1/13}. \] **Final Answers** - For what interval(s) of \( x \) is the graph of \( f \) concave upward? Answer: \(\displaystyle \left(-35^{-1/13},\infty\right)\). - For what interval(s) of \( x \) is the graph of \( f \) concave downward? Answer: \(\displaystyle \left(-\infty,-35^{-1/13}\right)\). - The \( x \)-coordinate(s) of the inflection point(s) of \( f \) is: Answer: \( x=-35^{-1/13} \).

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To determine the concavity of the function \( f(x) = x^{15} + 3x^2 \), we first need to find its second derivative. Calculating the first derivative, we have \( f'(x) = 15x^{14} + 6x \). Now, differentiating again gives us the second derivative: \( f''(x) = 210x^{13} + 6 \). Now we find where the second derivative is equal to zero to locate potential inflection points: \[ 210x^{13} + 6 = 0 \] \[ 210x^{13} = -6 \quad \Rightarrow \quad x^{13} = -\frac{1}{35} \] Since \( x^{13} \) cannot be negative for real \( x \), there are no real solutions, hence no inflection points. For concavity: - \( f''(x) = 210x^{13} + 6 \) is always positive (since \( x^{13} \) can be negative, but adding 6 makes \( f''(x) \) > 0 for all \( x \)). Thus, the function is concave upward everywhere. 1. The graph of \( f(x) \) is concave upward on the interval: A. \( (-\infty, \infty) \) 2. The graph of \( f(x) \) is never concave downward: B. The graph is never concave downward. 3. There are no inflection points: B. There are no inflection points. --- Looking back at the function, did you know that polynomial functions behave consistently when it comes to concavity? For each segment of the polynomial, the coefficients and powers dictate the overall shape! This can help in predicting behaviors based on high-order derivatives. Also, a quick tip when working with inflection points: Always check whether the second derivative changes sign around the values you find—this ensures you don't miss subtle changes in concavity, especially if roots appear complex or don’t yield obvious real solutions!

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