3.1) Suggest for each of the following the human right that is being violated as it is described in the text: Be specific e.g. Right to a healthy environment \( x \) Right to an environment that is protected against pollution. 3.1.1) Police abuses (1) 3.1.2) Violence against women and children. 3.1.3) Sexual orientation and gender identity. 3.1.4) Xenophobia (1) (1) (1) 3.2) Discrimination 3.2.1) Explain in your own words what discrimination is. (1) 3.2.2) What type of discrimination do you think is more prevalent now than in the for example, 1980's? 3.2.3) Give a reason for your answer. (1) (1) 3.3) Which of the above examples of human rights issues is a direct remnant of the apartheid system in South Africa? Motivate your choice. (2) 3.4) Which of the following state institutions exist specifically to address a specific human rights issue mentioned in the text? Write the issue down next to your choice. (2) A Office of the Auditor General B Commission on Gender Equality C The Constitutional Court

### 3.1) Human Rights Violations 3.1.1) **Police abuses** - Right to personal security and protection from torture and inhumane treatment. 3.1.2) **Violence against women and children** - Right to protection from violence and abuse. 3.1.3) **Sexual orientation and gender identity** - Right to equality and non-discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. 3.1.4) **Xenophobia** - Right to equality and non-discrimination based on nationality or ethnicity. ### 3.2) Discrimination 3.2.1) **Explanation of Discrimination** Discrimination is treating someone unfairly because of their race, gender, age, or other personal characteristics. 3.2.2) **Type of Discrimination More Prevalent Now** Discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity is more common now than in the 1980s. 3.2.3) **Reason for Answer** Society is more aware of LGBTQ+ rights, leading to increased discrimination as some react to these changes. ### 3.3) Direct Remnant of the Apartheid System **Xenophobia** is a direct remnant of the apartheid system in South Africa, as it reflects the deep-seated prejudices and divisions that were institutionalized during that era. ### 3.4) State Institutions Addressing Human Rights Issues A. **Office of the Auditor General** - Issue: Not related to human rights. B. **Commission on Gender Equality** - Issue: Violence against women and children. C. **The Constitutional Court** - Issue: Protection of various human rights, including equality and non-discrimination.