Which of the choices describe the possible kind of bias that might be present if a teacher decides that instead of randomly selecting students to ask how they feel about the course the teacher instead asks students to go online and fill out a survey. voluntary response sample - the bias would probably be towards those students who strongly enjoy the course, and these students would rate the course more favorably. voluntary response sample - the bias would probably be towards those students who strongly dislike the course, and these students would rate the course unfavorable. voluntary response sample - the bias would probably be towards those students who either strongly enjoy the course or strongly dislike the course, and these students would rate the course more favorably or less favorably. Convenience sample - the bias would probably be towards students who happen to attend class that day. They may enjoy the course more than students who are skipping class!

To analyze the potential bias in the scenario where a teacher asks students to voluntarily fill out an online survey about their feelings towards the course, we need to consider the nature of voluntary response samples and convenience samples. 1. **Voluntary Response Sample**: This type of sampling occurs when individuals can choose whether or not to participate in the survey. This often leads to bias because those who feel strongly about the subject (either positively or negatively) are more likely to respond. - **Option 1**: "The bias would probably be towards those students who strongly enjoy the course, and these students would rate the course more favorably." This is a valid point, as students who enjoy the course may be more motivated to respond. - **Option 2**: "The bias would probably be towards those students who strongly dislike the course, and these students would rate the course unfavorable." This is also a possibility, as dissatisfied students may feel compelled to express their negative opinions. - **Option 3**: "The bias would probably be towards those students who either strongly enjoy the course or strongly dislike the course, and these students would rate the course more favorably or less favorably." This option captures the essence of voluntary response bias well, as it acknowledges that both extremes (strongly positive and strongly negative) are likely to respond, leading to a skewed representation of overall sentiment. 2. **Convenience Sample**: This type of sampling occurs when the sample is taken from a group that is easy to reach. In this case, if the survey is only filled out by students who attend class on a particular day, it may not represent the entire student body. - **Option 4**: "The bias would probably be towards students who happen to attend class that day. They may enjoy the course more than students who are skipping class!" This option highlights a different kind of bias, where the sample may not include students who are disengaged or dissatisfied enough to skip class. ### Conclusion: The most comprehensive option that describes the possible kind of bias present in this scenario is **Option 3**: "The bias would probably be towards those students who either strongly enjoy the course or strongly dislike the course, and these students would rate the course more favorably or less favorably." This option effectively captures the nature of voluntary response bias, as it considers both ends of the sentiment spectrum.