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7. \( \int_{0}^{\pi} \int_{0}^{1} \int_{0}^{\sqrt{1-z^{2}}} z \sin x d y d z d x \)

Ask by Riley Brooks. in Canada
Mar 20,2025

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Answer

La valeur de l'intégrale est \( \frac{2}{3} \).

Solution

**Calcul de l'intégrale** Nous considérons l'intégrale \[ \int_{0}^{\pi} \int_{0}^{1} \int_{0}^{\sqrt{1-z^{2}}} z \sin x \, dy \, dz \, dx. \] 1. **Intégration par rapport à \(y\)** L'intégrande \(z \sin x\) ne dépend pas de \(y\). Alors, nous avons : \[ \int_{0}^{\sqrt{1-z^2}} z \sin x \, dy = z \sin x \left[y\right]_{0}^{\sqrt{1-z^2}} = z \sin x \sqrt{1-z^2}. \] L'intégrale se simplifie en : \[ \int_{0}^{\pi} \int_{0}^{1} z \sin x \sqrt{1-z^2}\, dz \, dx. \] 2. **Séparation des variables** Puisque \(z \sqrt{1-z^2}\) dépend uniquement de \(z\) et \(\sin x\) uniquement de \(x\), l'intégrale se sépare : \[ \left(\int_{0}^{\pi} \sin x\, dx\right) \left(\int_{0}^{1} z \sqrt{1-z^2}\, dz\right). \] 3. **Calcul de \(\int_{0}^{\pi} \sin x\, dx\)** On a : \[ \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin x\, dx = \left[-\cos x\right]_{0}^{\pi} = -\cos\pi + \cos0 = -(-1) + 1 = 2. \] 4. **Calcul de \(\int_{0}^{1} z \sqrt{1-z^2}\, dz\)** Utilisons le changement de variable : \( u = 1 - z^2 \), alors \( du = -2z\, dz \) ou \( z\, dz = -\frac{1}{2} du \). - Lorsque \(z = 0\) alors \( u = 1 \). - Lorsque \(z = 1\) alors \( u = 0 \). L'intégrale se transforme en : \[ \int_{0}^{1} z \sqrt{1-z^2}\, dz = \int_{u=1}^{0} \sqrt{u} \left(-\frac{1}{2}\, du\right) = \frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{1} \sqrt{u}\, du. \] Calculons \(\int_{0}^{1} \sqrt{u}\, du\) : \[ \int_{0}^{1} u^{1/2}\, du = \left.\frac{2}{3} u^{3/2}\right|_0^1 = \frac{2}{3}. \] Ainsi, \[ \int_{0}^{1} z \sqrt{1-z^2}\, dz = \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{2}{3} = \frac{1}{3}. \] 5. **Calcul final** En combinant les résultats précédents, nous avons : \[ \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin x\, dx \times \int_{0}^{1} z \sqrt{1-z^2}\, dz = 2 \times \frac{1}{3} = \frac{2}{3}. \] La valeur de l'intégrale est donc \( \frac{2}{3} \).

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To evaluate the integral \[ I = \int_{0}^{\pi} \int_{0}^{1} \int_{0}^{\sqrt{1-z^{2}}} z \sin x \, dy \, dz \, dx, \] we start by noting that the innermost integral with respect to \(y\) is relatively straightforward. First, evaluate the integral with respect to \(y\): \[ \int_{0}^{\sqrt{1-z^{2}}} z \sin x \, dy = z \sin x \cdot \left[ y \right]_{0}^{\sqrt{1-z^{2}}} = z \sin x \cdot \sqrt{1 - z^{2}}. \] This allows us to simplify the integral \(I\) as follows: \[ I = \int_{0}^{\pi} \int_{0}^{1} z \sin x \sqrt{1 - z^{2}} \, dz \, dx. \] Next, we can separate the integrals: \[ I = \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin x \, dx \cdot \int_{0}^{1} z \sqrt{1 - z^{2}} \, dz. \] The first integral can be evaluated easily: \[ \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin x \, dx = \left[ -\cos x \right]_{0}^{\pi} = -(-1 - 1) = 2. \] Now focus on the second integral: \[ \int_{0}^{1} z \sqrt{1 - z^{2}} \, dz. \] To evaluate this, let's use the substitution \( u = 1 - z^{2} \), so that \( du = -2z \, dz \) or \( dz = -\frac{du}{2z} \). Hence, \( z = \sqrt{1-u} \) and when \( z = 0 \), \( u = 1 \), and when \( z = 1 \), \( u = 0 \). Thus, \[ \int_{0}^{1} z \sqrt{1 - z^{2}} \, dz = \int_{1}^{0} z \sqrt{u} \left(-\frac{du}{2z}\right) = \frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{1} \sqrt{u} \, du. \] Calculating this integral gives: \[ \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left[ \frac{u^{3/2}}{\frac{3}{2}} \right]_{0}^{1} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{2}{3} = \frac{1}{3}. \] Putting this back into our expression for \(I\): \[ I = 2 \cdot \frac{1}{3} = \frac{2}{3}. \] Thus, the final value of the integral is \[ \boxed{\frac{2}{3}}. \]

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