A group of researchers are investigating how different studying strategies impact how much participants remember on a test. They recruit 50 participants and have half of the participants study by just reading a passage over and over for 10 minutes. The other half of the participants spend five minutes reading the passage one time and then answering a series of multiple-choice questions on the material for another five minutes. Finally, the participants write down as many facts from the reading passage as they can in three minutes. Which of the following is the dependent variable of the study? (A) Whether they re-read the passage or tested themselves on the material (D) The number of participants in the study

(c) Consider the hypotheses \( \mathrm{H}_{0}: \mu=104 \) versus \( \mathrm{H}_{1}: \mu>104 \). Explain what the director is testing. Perform the test at the \( \alpha=0.01 \) level of significance. Write a Explain what the director is testing. Choose the correct answer below. A. The director is testing if the sample provided sufficient evidence that the population mean lQ score is actually not greater than 104 . The director is testing if the sample provided sufficient evidence that the population mean lQ score is actually greater than 104. C. The director is testing if the sample provided sufficient evidence that the population mean IQ score is actually not equal to 104 . D. The director is testing if the sample provided sufficient evidence that the population mean IQ score is actually equal to 104. Find the test statistic for this hypothesis test. 0.83 (Round to two decimal places as needed.) Find the P-value for this hypothesis test. \( \square \) (Round to three decimal places as needed.)

(b) Consider the hypotheses \( \mathrm{H}_{0}: \mu=103 \) versus \( \mathrm{H}_{1}: \mu>103 \). Explain what the director is testing. Perform the test at the \( \alpha=0.01 \) level of significance. Write a conclusion for the test. Explain what the director is testing. Choose the correct answer below. A. The director is testing if the sample provided sufficient evidence that the population mean IQ score is actually equal to 103 . B. The director is testing if the sample provided sufficient evidence that the population mean lQ score is actually not equal to 103 . The director is testing if the sample provided sufficient evidence that the population mean IQ score is actually not greater than 103 . C. Thesting if the sample provided sufficient evidence that the population mean lQ score is actually greater than 103 . Find the test statistic for this hypothesis test. (Round to two decimal places as needed.) an example

5 A die is suspected to be biased in favour of a " 1 " occurring. A hypothesis test is carriec out. When the die is thrown 18 times, she obtained a " 1 " on 6 occasions. State appropriate hypotheses and carry out the test at the \( 10 \% \) level of significance. 6 The mayor of a certain city claims that two out of three youths living in the city are smokers A random sample of 25 youths are selected from different locations in the city. It is found that 12 of them are smokers. Does this provide sufficient evidence that the mayor has overstatec his claim at the \( 5 \% \) level of significance? 7 It is advertised that a certain type of light-bulbs have a lifespan of 1000 hours and the design is such that \( 80 \% \) meet this specification. Rajes thinks this is over optimistic. He buys 16 bulbs and records when they fail. He finds that 6 bulbs have lifespans less than as advertised and he complains to the manufacturer. Is Rajes's complaint justified at the \( 5 \% \) level of significance? 8 The manufacturer of "Supreme" margarine claims that people prefer this to butter. As par of an advertising campaign he asks 10 people to taste a sample of "Supreme" margarine and a sample of butter and say which one they prefer. 8 people choose "Supreme" margarine. Assess the manufacturer's claim in the light of this evidence at the \( 5 \% \) level of significance. 9 A biologist carries out a research to see if pollution levels affect the local ecology. A certair type of moth exists in two varieties. In one particular village, a previous piece of research shows that \( 20 \% \) of the moths are dark and the rest are light. The biologist catches a randon sample of 20 moths and counts the dark ones. At the \( 1 \% \) level of significance, how many dark ones would show that the local ecology is changing?

(b) Consider the hypotheses \( \mathrm{H}_{0}: \mu=101 \) versus \( \mathrm{H}_{1}: \mu>101 \). Explain what the director is testing. Perform the test at the \( \alpha=0.01 \) level of significance. Write a conclusion for the test Explain what the director is testing. Choose the correct answer below. A. The director is testing if the sample provided sufficient evidence that the population mean IQ score is actually not equal to 101 . C. The director is testing if the sample provided sufficient evidence that the population mean IQ score is actually equal to 101 . D. The director is testing if the sample provided sufficient evidence that the population mean IQ score is actually not greater than 101 . Find the test statistic for this hypothesis test. 1.26 (Round to two decimal places as needed.) Find the P -value for this hypothesis test. (Round to three decimal places as needed.)

If the number 31 is added to the data set \( 3,5,6,6,8,11,12,22,26 \), by what value will the average of the data set increase?