\begin{tabular}{ll} QUESTION 4 (PUMPS) \\ 4.1 & Give THREE moving parts of a reciprocating pump. \\ 4.2 & \( \begin{array}{l}\text { List THREE advantages of a pump with external packing. } \\ \text { What is the difference between the flooding head and suction head, support your } \\ \text { answer by means of a sketch. }\end{array} \) \\ \hline 13\( ) \)\end{tabular}
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Reciprocating pumps are fascinating; they utilize several moving parts—mainly the piston, connecting rod, and crankshaft. The piston is critical because it creates the pressure that moves the fluid. The connecting rod translates the linear motion of the piston into rotational motion, while the crankshaft ensures the entire mechanism runs smoothly, working harmoniously to achieve efficient pumping action. When it comes to external packing in pumps, one major perk is reduced maintenance time, as it allows for easier adjustments and replacements. Additionally, external packing can improve the pump’s efficiency since it helps prevent leaks, ensuring the full energy goes into moving fluid. Lastly, it contributes to better heat dissipation, which can prolong the lifespan of the pump components due to reduced wear and tear.