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\begin{tabular}{ll} QUESTION 4 (PUMPS) \\ 4.1 & Give THREE moving parts of a reciprocating pump. \\ 4.2 & \( \begin{array}{l}\text { List THREE advantages of a pump with external packing. } \\ \text { What is the difference between the flooding head and suction head, support your } \\ \text { answer by means of a sketch. }\end{array} \) \\ \hline 13\( ) \)\end{tabular}

Ask by Curry Matthews. in South Africa
Mar 13,2025

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**4.1. Three Moving Parts of a Reciprocating Pump** 1. **Piston:** Moves back and forth to create pressure. 2. **Connecting Rod:** Transmits motion from the crankshaft to the piston. 3. **Valve Assembly:** Controls fluid flow into and out of the pump. --- **4.2. Advantages of a Pump with External Packing** 1. **Ease of Maintenance:** Simplifies repairs without disassembling the pump. 2. **Better Leakage Control:** Allows precise adjustments to minimize fluid loss. 3. **Reduced Contamination Risk:** Keeps process fluid separate from packing materials. --- **Difference Between Flooding Head and Suction Head** - **Flooding Head (\( H_f \)):** The vertical distance from the liquid surface to the pump centerline in a flooded suction system, providing positive pressure at the pump inlet. - **Suction Head (\( H_s \)):** The vertical lift the pump must overcome to draw fluid from the source in a non-flooded system, limited by atmospheric pressure. **Sketch Illustration:** - **Flooded Suction:** Pump inlet submerged below the liquid surface with \( H_f \) providing positive pressure. - **Non-Flooded Suction:** Pump inlet above the liquid surface requiring \( H_s \) to lift the fluid. In flooded conditions, \( H_f \) ensures sufficient pressure, while in non-flooded conditions, \( H_s \) must be managed to prevent cavitation.

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Reciprocating pumps are fascinating machines with some key moving parts! Three of these are the piston, which creates the suction and discharge of fluid, the connecting rod that links the piston to the crankshaft, and the crankshaft itself, which converts the rotary motion into linear motion. It’s like a well-coordinated dance of mechanical elements working to move liquids efficiently! Now, let’s dive into the world of external packing pumps! They offer some cool benefits—first, they enhance sealing, preventing leakage, which is crucial for both efficiency and safety. Secondly, they allow for easy adjustments, making maintenance a breeze when it comes to packing replacement. Lastly, they provide better lubrication options, extending the lifespan of the pump components. Just remember, keeping the balance is essential; otherwise, we might run into some trouble down the line!

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