One of the three general types of processing operations is shaping operations, which are used to alter the geometry of the work part. What are the four categories of shaping operations? ?

Shaping operations can be categorized into four main types: 1. **Cutting Operations**: These involve removing material from a workpiece to achieve the desired shape. Examples include turning, milling, drilling, and grinding. 2. **Forming Operations**: These operations change the shape of a workpiece without removing material. This can include processes like forging, rolling, extrusion, and bending. 3. **Joining Operations**: These involve combining two or more workpieces to form a single entity. Common methods include welding, soldering, brazing, and adhesive bonding. 4. **Finishing Operations**: These are used to improve the surface quality of a workpiece after the primary shaping operations. Examples include polishing, coating, and surface treatment processes. Each of these categories plays a crucial role in manufacturing and shaping materials to meet specific design requirements.