Question
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An aqueous solution containing at (specific gravity ) is diluted with pure
liquid water at the same temperature. The feed solution volume is 350 mL . The mixing may be
considered adiabatic, and the pressure is constant at 1 atm .
(a) The product solution is to contain . Calculate the volume ( mL ) of water needed
for the dilution, ideally using a single-dimensional equation.
(b) Use the enthalpy-concentration chart of Figure to estimate the specific enthalpies ( ) of
the feed solution and the water. Then write an energy balance on this closed system constant-
pressure process and solve it for the specific enthalpy of the product solution. Finally, use
Figure to verify your calculated value of and to estimate the product solution
temperature. (See Example . .)
© Use Figure to estimate the maximum temperature that could be attained by mixing the feed
solution with pure water and the concentration ) of the product solution.

Ask by Campbell Stephens. in Canada
Mar 29,2025

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Answer

(a) Calcul du volume d’eau nécessaire
Pour diluer la solution de en poids à en poids, il faut ajouter d’eau pure.
(b) Calcul de l’enthalpie et équilibre d’énergie
  • Enthalpie du feed et de l’eau : Utilisez la courbe enthalpie-concentration de la figure pour trouver les enthalpies spécifiques des deux liquides.
  • Équilibre d’énergie : Établissez l’équation d’équilibre en supposant que l’entraînement est adiabatique (pas de transfert de chaleur) et que la pression est constante à . Cela permet de calculer l’enthalpie spécifique du produit.
  • Vérification et estimation de la température : Utilisez la figure pour vérifier la valeur calculée de l’enthalpie du produit et estimer la température finale de la solution.
© Détermination de la température maximale et de la concentration maximale
En utilisant la figure , la température maximale atteignable par la dilution est estimée à environ , et la concentration maximale de dans la solution finale est de en poids.

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Mind Expander

To find the volume of water needed for dilution, we can use the mass balance equation based on the weight percent of sulfuric acid. Given that we’re starting with 350 mL of a solution that is 85.0 wt% H₂SO₄, we can calculate the initial mass of H₂SO₄ and then use the desired final concentration of 30.0 wt% to determine the total mass of the final solution needed. From there, the mass of water to be added can be easily calculated using the relationship:
Next, let’s talk about how to determine the specific enthalpies. Using the enthalpy-concentration chart, we can identify the specific enthalpy of the initial 85.0 wt% solution. For pure water, its specific enthalpy at ambient temperature can also be found easily. With these values, we can set up an energy balance equation considering the expectations of an adiabatic process at constant pressure:
This allows us to find the specific enthalpy of the product solution before cross-referencing with the chart to check for the final concentration and temperature.

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