\begin{tabular}{l} Case one: What are the three basic steps of conventional \\ PCR? \\ Denature, anneal, extension \\ Denature, anneal, strand displacement \\ Reverse transcription, anneal, extend \\ Strand displacement, synthesis, release \\ \hline\end{tabular}

Conventional PCR, or Polymerase Chain Reaction, revolutionized molecular biology by allowing scientists to amplify specific DNA sequences. The process involves three key steps: denaturation, where the double-stranded DNA breaks apart into single strands, annealing, where primers attach to the DNA template, and extension, during which DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides. This efficient method has led to massive applications in diagnostics, forensics, and research! In practical terms, PCR helps diagnose diseases, verify genetic mutations, and even solve criminal cases by analyzing biological samples. Watching the magic unfold in a thermocycler as DNA copies are made can feel like witnessing a scientific sorcery! As a fun fact, most PCR reactions can amplify DNA to billions of copies in just a few hours, making it a powerhouse of genetic analysis.