State the functions of each of the follow (a) Carbolyydrates b) Fats and oil c) Name the four main food grou

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1. **Carbohydrates**

- **Primary Energy Source:**  
     Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is used by the body to produce energy. This process can be represented as  
     $$
     \text{Carbohydrates} \rightarrow \text{Glucose} \rightarrow \text{ATP (energy)}
     $$
     
   - **Energy Storage:**  
     Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use.
     
   - **Structural Components:**  
     Certain carbohydrates serve as structural elements. For example, cellulose is a carbohydrate that forms the cell wall in plants.

2. **Fats and Oils**

- **Concentrated Energy Source:**  
     Fats yield about $$9$$ kilocalories per gram, which is more than double the energy provided by carbohydrates or proteins (each about $$4$$ kilocalories per gram). Their energy storage can be symbolized as  
     $$
     \text{Fat} \rightarrow \text{Energy} \quad (9\text{ kcal/g})
     $$
     
   - **Absorption of Fat-Soluble Vitamins:**  
     They aid in the absorption and transport of fat-soluble vitamins such as $$A$$, $$D$$, $$E$$, and $$K$$.
     
   - **Cell Structure:**  
     Fats are essential components of cell membranes (phospholipid bilayers) and help maintain their structure.
     
   - **Insulation and Protection:**  
     They provide insulation against temperature extremes and protect internal organs.
     
   - **Source of Essential Fatty Acids:**  
     Some fats supply essential fatty acids that the body cannot synthesize.

3. **Four Main Food Groups**

While food group classifications can differ by nutritional guidelines, a commonly used categorization divides foods into the following four groups:

- **Carbohydrate-Rich Foods:**  
     Includes items like bread, cereals, rice, pasta, and starchy vegetables. These foods are the primary source of energy.
     
   - **Protein-Rich Foods:**  
     Encompasses meat, fish, eggs, legumes, and nuts, which are crucial for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.
     
   - **Dairy Products:**  
     Consists of milk, cheese, and yogurt, providing essential nutrients like calcium and vitamin D for bone health.
     
   - **Fruits and Vegetables:**  
     A wide variety of fruits and vegetables supply vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and antioxidants essential for overall health.

Each group plays an important role in providing balanced nutrition, and including a variety of foods from all the groups helps maintain optimal health.
1. **Carbohydrates** - Provide energy by breaking down into glucose. - Store excess glucose as glycogen. - Serve as structural components in plants. 2. **Fats and Oils** - Offer concentrated energy. - Help absorb fat-soluble vitamins. - Form cell membranes and protect organs. - Supply essential fatty acids. 3. **Four Main Food Groups** - **Carbohydrate-Rich:** Bread, cereals, rice, pasta, starchy vegetables. - **Protein-Rich:** Meat, fish, eggs, legumes, nuts. - **Dairy:** Milk, cheese, yogurt. - **Fruits and Vegetables:** A variety for vitamins, minerals, and fiber.

State the functions of each of the follow (a) Carbolyydrates b) Fats and oil c) Name the four main food grou

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