All of the following are considered abnormal findings in a dipstick urinalysis except __ Multiple Choice

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\textbf{Step 1: Understanding the Dipstick Urinalysis Parameters}
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Dipstick urinalysis typically screens for several substances in the urine. Common parameters include:

- $$\text{Protein}$$
- $$\text{Blood}$$ (hemoglobin)
- $$\text{Glucose}$$
- $$\text{Ketones}$$
- $$\text{Bilirubin}$$
- $$\text{Nitrite}$$
- $$\text{Leukocyte esterase}$$
- $$\text{Urobilinogen}$$

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\textbf{Step 2: Identifying Which Findings Are Abnormal}
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For most of these tests, the expected or normal finding in a healthy individual is “negative” (or zero). For instance:

- A positive test for $$\text{protein}$$ suggests proteinuria.
- A positive $$\text{blood}$$ (hematuria) is abnormal.
- The presence of $$\text{glucose}$$ suggests glycosuria.
- A positive $$\text{ketone}$$ test suggests stress, starvation, or diabetic ketoacidosis.
- A positive $$\text{bilirubin}$$ test indicates possible liver or biliary pathology.
- A positive $$\text{nitrite}$$ indicates bacterial contamination.
- A positive $$\text{leukocyte esterase}$$ indicates the presence of white blood cells, commonly seen with infection.

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\textbf{Step 3: The Exception – Urobilinogen}
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Unlike the others, the presence of trace amounts of $$\text{urobilinogen}$$ in urine is normally expected. Although abnormally high or low levels can indicate liver or hemolytic disease, a low to moderate positive reading for urobilinogen is considered a normal finding.

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\textbf{Step 4: Conclusion}
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Thus, among the choices provided, all represent abnormal findings on a dipstick urinalysis except for the presence of $$\text{urobilinogen}$$ (when within the normal range).

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\boxed{\text{Urobilinogen}}
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Urobilinogen is the only normally expected finding in a dipstick urinalysis.

All of the following are considered abnormal findings in a dipstick urinalysis except __ Multiple Choice

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