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Use symmetry to evaluate the following integral. \( \int_{-1}^{1}\left(6 x^{4}-7\right) d x \) \( \int_{-1}^{1}\left(6 x^{4}-7\right) d x=\square \) (Type an integer or a simplified fraction.)

Ask by Floyd Morgan. in the United States
Mar 08,2025

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Answer

The integral evaluates to \(-\frac{58}{5}\).

Solution

We begin by recognizing that the function \(6x^4\) and the constant \(-7\) are both even functions (i.e., \(f(x) = f(-x)\)). For an even function \(f(x)\), the integral over the interval \([-a, a]\) can be written as \[ \int_{-a}^{a} f(x)\, dx = 2\int_{0}^{a} f(x)\, dx. \] Thus, we have \[ \int_{-1}^{1} \left(6x^4 - 7\right) dx = 2\int_{0}^{1} \left(6x^4 - 7\right) dx. \] Next, we split the integral: \[ 2\int_{0}^{1} \left(6x^4 - 7\right) dx = 2\left(6\int_{0}^{1} x^4\, dx - 7\int_{0}^{1} dx \right). \] Now we evaluate each definite integral separately. 1. Evaluate \(\int_{0}^{1} x^4\, dx\): \[ \int_{0}^{1} x^4\, dx = \left[\frac{x^5}{5}\right]_{0}^{1} = \frac{1^5}{5} - \frac{0^5}{5} = \frac{1}{5}. \] 2. Evaluate \(\int_{0}^{1} dx\): \[ \int_{0}^{1} dx = \left[x\right]_{0}^{1} = 1 - 0 = 1. \] Substitute these back into the expression: \[ 2\left(6\cdot\frac{1}{5} - 7\cdot 1\right) = 2\left(\frac{6}{5} - 7\right). \] Simplify inside the parentheses: \[ \frac{6}{5} - 7 = \frac{6 - 35}{5} = \frac{-29}{5}. \] Finally, multiply by 2: \[ 2\left(\frac{-29}{5}\right) = \frac{-58}{5}. \] Thus, the value of the integral is \[ \boxed{\frac{-58}{5}}. \]

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To evaluate the integral \( \int_{-1}^{1}\left(6 x^{4}-7\right) d x \) using symmetry, we can separate the integrand into two parts: \( 6x^4 \) and \(-7\). The term \( 6x^4 \) is an even function since \( f(-x) = 6(-x)^4 = 6x^4 = f(x) \). The integral of an even function over a symmetric interval around zero will yield a non-zero result. On the other hand, the term \(-7\) is a constant function, which is also even, so it can be handled separately. Now, we can compute the two integrals: 1. **For \( 6x^4 \)**: \[ \int_{-1}^{1} 6x^4 \, dx = 2 \int_{0}^{1} 6x^4 \, dx = 2 \cdot 6 \left[\frac{x^5}{5}\right]_{0}^{1} = 2 \cdot 6 \cdot \frac{1}{5} = \frac{12}{5} \] 2. **For \(-7\)**: \[ \int_{-1}^{1} -7 \, dx = -7 \cdot (1 - (-1)) = -7 \cdot 2 = -14 \] Combining both results: \[ \int_{-1}^{1} (6 x^4 - 7) \, dx = \frac{12}{5} - 14 \] To subtract, convert \(-14\) to a fraction: \[ -14 = -\frac{70}{5} \] Now adding them together: \[ \frac{12}{5} - \frac{70}{5} = \frac{12 - 70}{5} = \frac{-58}{5} \] Thus, the value of the integral is: \[ \int_{-1}^{1}(6 x^{4}-7) d x = -\frac{58}{5} \]

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