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Simplify the following expression. \[ \frac{d}{d x} \int_{2}^{x^{3}} \frac{d p}{p^{2}} \]

Ask by Goodwin Donnelly. in the United States
Mar 10,2025

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Answer

The simplified expression is \( \frac{3}{x^4} \).

Solution

We start with the expression \[ \frac{d}{dx}\int_{2}^{x^3} \frac{dp}{p^2}. \] Recall that by the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus combined with the chain rule, if \[ F(x) = \int_{a}^{g(x)} f(p)\,dp, \] then \[ \frac{dF}{dx} = f(g(x)) \cdot g'(x). \] Here, we have: - \( f(p)=\frac{1}{p^2} \), - \( g(x)=x^3 \). First, compute the derivative of the upper limit: \[ g'(x)=\frac{d}{dx}(x^3)=3x^2. \] Next, evaluate the integrand at \( p=x^3 \): \[ f(x^3)=\frac{1}{(x^3)^2}=\frac{1}{x^6}. \] Thus, applying the chain rule we have: \[ \frac{d}{dx}\int_{2}^{x^3} \frac{dp}{p^2} = \frac{1}{x^6}\cdot 3x^2 = \frac{3x^2}{x^6}. \] Finally, simplify the fraction: \[ \frac{3x^2}{x^6} = \frac{3}{x^4}. \] The simplified expression is \[ \frac{3}{x^4}. \]

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To simplify the expression \( \frac{d}{d x} \int_{2}^{x^{3}} \frac{d p}{p^{2}} \), we can apply the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus along with the Chain Rule. First, we consider the integral: \[ \int_{2}^{x^{3}} \frac{d p}{p^{2}}. \] The integrand \( \frac{1}{p^{2}} \) is straightforward to integrate. The indefinite integral is: \[ -\frac{1}{p} + C. \] Evaluating the definite integral gives: \[ \int_{2}^{x^{3}} \frac{d p}{p^{2}} = -\frac{1}{x^{3}} + \frac{1}{2}. \] Now we simplify our original expression: \[ \frac{d}{d x} \left(-\frac{1}{x^{3}} + \frac{1}{2}\right). \] Next, we differentiate this: \[ \frac{d}{d x} \left(-\frac{1}{x^{3}} + \frac{1}{2}\right) = \frac{d}{d x} \left(-\frac{1}{x^{3}}\right) + \frac{d}{d x} \left(\frac{1}{2}\right). \] The constant \( \frac{1}{2} \) disappears upon differentiation, and we apply the power rule for the first term: \[ \frac{d}{d x} \left(-\frac{1}{x^{3}}\right) = 3x^{-4} = \frac{3}{x^{4}}. \] Thus, the simplified expression is: \[ \frac{3}{x^{4}}. \]

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