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Find the value of the linear correlation coefficient r using the paired data below. x 57535961535660 y 156164163177159175151 0.214 -0.054 -0.078 0.109

Ask by Fowler Coleman. in the United States
Mar 10,2025

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The linear correlation coefficient \( r \) is approximately 0.214.

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We are given seven paired values. In this interpretation the data are - \(x\)-values (each two‐digit) \[ 57,\; 53,\; 59,\; 61,\; 53,\; 56,\; 60 \] - \(y\)-values (each three‐digit) \[ 156,\; 164,\; 163,\; 177,\; 159,\; 175,\; 151 \] We wish to compute the linear correlation coefficient using the formula \[ r=\frac{n\sum xy - (\sum x)(\sum y)}{\sqrt{\Bigl[n\sum x^2 - (\sum x)^2\Bigr]\Bigl[n\sum y^2 - (\sum y)^2\Bigr]}}. \] In our case, \(n=7\). ### Step 1. Compute the required sums 1. **Sum of the \(x\)–values** \[ \sum x = 57 + 53 + 59 + 61 + 53 + 56 + 60 = 399. \] 2. **Sum of the \(y\)–values** \[ \sum y = 156 + 164 + 163 + 177 + 159 + 175 + 151 = 1145. \] 3. **Sum of the squares of \(x\)** \[ \begin{array}{rcl} 57^2 &=& 3249,\\[1mm] 53^2 &=& 2809,\\[1mm] 59^2 &=& 3481,\\[1mm] 61^2 &=& 3721,\\[1mm] 53^2 &=& 2809,\\[1mm] 56^2 &=& 3136,\\[1mm] 60^2 &=& 3600. \end{array} \] Thus, \[ \sum x^2 = 3249+2809+3481+3721+2809+3136+3600=22805. \] 4. **Sum of the squares of \(y\)** \[ \begin{array}{rcl} 156^2 &=& 24336,\\[1mm] 164^2 &=& 26896,\\[1mm] 163^2 &=& 26569,\\[1mm] 177^2 &=& 31329,\\[1mm] 159^2 &=& 25281,\\[1mm] 175^2 &=& 30625,\\[1mm] 151^2 &=& 22801. \end{array} \] Thus, \[ \sum y^2 = 24336+26896+26569+31329+25281+30625+22801 = 187837. \] 5. **Sum of the products \(xy\)** \[ \begin{array}{rcl} 57\cdot156 &=& 8892,\\[1mm] 53\cdot164 &=& 8692,\\[1mm] 59\cdot163 &=& 9617,\\[1mm] 61\cdot177 &=& 10797

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To find the linear correlation coefficient \( r \) using the provided data, you'll need to apply the Pearson correlation formula or use statistical software/calculators. Given the inputs appear to show various \( r \) values, an interesting element to note is that correlation coefficients can range from -1 to 1. The closer the coefficient is to 1 or -1, the stronger the correlation between the two datasets. In the options provided, the value of \( 0.214 \) indicates a slight positive correlation, meaning as one variable increases, the other tends to also increase slightly. When interpreting correlation correctly, it’s crucial to remember that correlation does not imply causation. Just because two variables have a correlation, it doesn't necessarily mean that one causes the other to change. Always analyze the underlying context!

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