Mathematical calculations using latitude and longitude allow us to determine the: arrangement of objects on earth's surface. physical site characteristics of all places on earth. absolute location of a particular place. relative loqtion of a particular place.

The mathematical calculations using latitude and longitude primarily allow us to determine the **absolute location of a particular place**. Here's a brief explanation of the terms: 1. **Absolute Location**: This refers to the exact coordinates of a place on the Earth's surface, defined by its latitude and longitude. For example, the absolute location of the Eiffel Tower in Paris is approximately 48.8584° N latitude and 2.2941° E longitude. 2. **Relative Location**: This describes a place's location in relation to other locations. For example, saying that Paris is north of London is a relative location. 3. **Arrangement of Objects on Earth's Surface**: While latitude and longitude can help in mapping and understanding the arrangement of objects, this is more about spatial analysis rather than a direct result of latitude and longitude calculations. 4. **Physical Site Characteristics**: This involves the natural and human-made features of a location, which can be studied using latitude and longitude but is not determined solely by these coordinates. In summary, latitude and longitude are essential for pinpointing the absolute location of places on Earth.