13. Which of the following statements about the process above is true?
    (1) mitosis produces new combinations of inheritable traits
    (2) it increases the chances of DNA alterations in the parent
    (3) it is a source of variation in the cells produced
    (4) meiosis prevents recombination of lethal mutations
14. Which statement correctly describes the genetic makeup of cells produced by meiosis?
    (1) Each cell has pairs of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically identical.
    (2) Each cell has pairs of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically different.
    (3) Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically identical.
    (4) Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically different
15. Which cell is normally produced as a direct result of meiosis? [1]
    (1) a uterine cell having half the normal species number of chromosomes
    (2) a sperm having the full species number of chromosomes
    (3) a zygote having the full species number of chromosomes
    (4) an egg having half the normal species number of chromosomes

Question 13

1. Mitosis produces new combinations of inheritable traits.
2. It increases the chances of DNA alterations in the parent.
3. It is a source of variation in the cells produced.
4. Meiosis prevents recombination of lethal mutations.

• Statement 1 is false. Mitosis produces identical cells, not new combinations of traits.
• Statement 2 is misleading. Mitosis does not inherently increase DNA alterations; it is more about replication.
• Statement 3 is false. Mitosis does not introduce variation; that is a characteristic of meiosis.
• Statement 4 is misleading. Meiosis actually allows for recombination, which can include lethal mutations.

Question 14

1. Each cell has pairs of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically identical.
2. Each cell has pairs of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically different.
3. Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically identical.
4. Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically different.

• Meiosis results in cells that have half the normal number of chromosomes (haploid) and introduces genetic variation through recombination and independent assortment.

Question 15

1. A uterine cell having half the normal species number of chromosomes.
2. A sperm having the full species number of chromosomes.
3. A zygote having the full species number of chromosomes.
4. An egg having half the normal species number of chromosomes.

• Meiosis produces gametes (sperm and egg), which have half the normal number of chromosomes.
• A zygote is formed when a sperm and egg combine, resulting in the full species number of chromosomes.

Summary of Answers:

• Question 13: None of the statements are true.
• Question 14: (4) Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically different.
• Question 15: (4) An egg having half the normal species number of chromosomes.