14. To find the relative age of a rock, scientists use $$ \qquad $$ A carbon-14 C absolute dating B index fossils D half-lives 15. During the $$ \qquad $$ Era, dinosaurs and other reptiles were the major forms of life on the earth. A Mesozoic C Precambrian B Paleozoic D Cenozoic 16. A radioactive element decays to form $$ \qquad $$ - A an index fossil C carbon-14 B petrified wood D another element 17. According to the principle of crosscutting relationships, a rock feature that cuts across other rock layers is $$ \qquad $$ than the rock layers. A older B younger C harder D sharper 18. During the Cenozoic Era, the Great Lakes basins were carved out by $$ \qquad $$ -. glaciers B rivers C wind D mudslides

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**14. To find the relative age of a rock, scientists use $$ \qquad $$**

**Options:**
- A) Carbon-14
- B) Index fossils
- C) Absolute dating
- D) Half-lives

**Answer:** **B) Index fossils**

**Explanation:** Relative dating methods determine the age of rocks in relation to one another without assigning specific numerical ages. Index fossils are particularly useful in relative dating as they help correlate the age of rock layers based on the presence of fossils that were widespread but only existed for a short geological time span.

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**15. During the $$ \qquad $$ Era, dinosaurs and other reptiles were the major forms of life on the earth.**

**Options:**
- A) Mesozoic
- B) Paleozoic
- C) Precambrian
- D) Cenozoic

**Answer:** **A) Mesozoic**

**Explanation:** The Mesozoic Era, often called the "Age of Reptiles," is the geological era during which dinosaurs dominated the Earth. It spans from approximately 252 to 66 million years ago and is divided into three periods: Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous.

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**16. A radioactive element decays to form $$ \qquad $$**

**Options:**
- A) An index fossil
- B) Petrified wood
- C) Carbon-14
- D) Another element

**Answer:** **D) Another element**

**Explanation:** Radioactive decay involves the transformation of an unstable (parent) isotope into a more stable (daughter) isotope of a different element. This process changes the original element into another element over time.

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**17. According to the principle of crosscutting relationships, a rock feature that cuts across other rock layers is $$ \qquad $$ than the rock layers.**

**Options:**
- A) Older
- B) Younger
- C) Harder
- D) Sharper

**Answer:** **B) Younger**

**Explanation:** The principle of crosscutting relationships states that any geological feature (like a fault or an intrusion) that cuts across other rocks must be younger than the rocks it disrupts. This helps geologists determine the relative ages of various formations.

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**18. During the Cenozoic Era, the Great Lakes basins were carved out by $$ \qquad $$ -.**

**Options:**
- A) Glaciers
- B) Rivers
- C) Wind
- D) Mudslides

**Answer:** **A) Glaciers**

**Explanation:** The Great Lakes were primarily shaped by glacial activity during the last Ice Age, which is part of the Cenozoic Era. Glaciers carved deep basins that later filled with water to become the Great Lakes we know today.

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If you need further explanations or have more questions, feel free to ask!
**14. To find the relative age of a rock, scientists use index fossils.** **15. During the Mesozoic Era, dinosaurs and other reptiles were the major forms of life on Earth.** **16. A radioactive element decays to form another element.** **17. According to the principle of crosscutting relationships, a rock feature that cuts across other rock layers is younger than the rock layers.** **18. During the Cenozoic Era, the Great Lakes basins were carved out by glaciers.**

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