The axial skeleton contains 1. skull 2. scapula 3. true and false ribs 4. vertebrae 5. phalanges

The axial skeleton is primarily composed of the bones that form the vertical axis of the body. This includes the skull, which protects the brain; the vertebral column (or spine), providing support and housing the spinal cord; and the rib cage, which includes true and false ribs essential for protecting the thoracic cavity and facilitating breathing. Notably, the scapula and phalanges are part of the appendicular skeleton, which helps with limb movement. Understanding the axial skeleton is crucial for various real-world applications, especially in fields like medicine, sports science, and physical therapy. For instance, knowing the layout and function of these bones can aid healthcare professionals in diagnosing spine-related issues, improving posture, and designing effective rehabilitation programs for individuals recovering from injuries.