The demographic transition model's primary focus is: a. Urbanization and rural population ratios b. Long-term population stability c. Birth and death rates in relation to d. Economic production

The demographic transition model primarily illustrates how countries transition from high birth and death rates to lower rates as they industrialize and develop economically. This transition usually unfolds in four or five stages, highlighting how improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and education can lead to population growth followed by stabilization. Many countries, especially in Africa and parts of Asia, are still in earlier stages of this model, grappling with high birth rates and declining death rates. Conversely, developed nations, like those in Europe, have moved into the later stages, experiencing low birth and death rates, which raises interesting questions about sustainability and aging populations in the future.