1. How do we shift the graph of to get the graph of ?
   Move the graph up by 4 units. A
   Move the graph down by 4 units. B

To transform the graph of into , you simply move the entire graph upward by 4 units. Every point on the original graph increases its y-value by 4, resulting in a new graph that is consistently higher than the original. So, if a point on the original graph was at (a, b), it now moves to (a, b+4).

Moreover, this kind of transformation is one of the simplest ways to modify a graph, often used in various applications such as economics, where you might want to adjust a profit function upwards due to an increase in fixed costs or taxes. It helps to see how simple vertical shifts can change the perspective of data interpretation!