Mathematical calculations using latitude and longitude allow us to determine the: arrangement of objects on earth's surface. physical site characteristics of all places on earth. relative location of a particular place. acation of a particular place.

The mathematical calculations using latitude and longitude primarily allow us to determine the **location of a particular place** on Earth's surface. Here's a breakdown of the options: 1. **Arrangement of objects on Earth's surface**: While latitude and longitude can help in mapping, they do not directly describe the arrangement of objects. 2. **Physical site characteristics of all places on Earth**: Latitude and longitude provide coordinates but do not inherently describe physical characteristics. 3. **Relative location of a particular place**: Latitude and longitude can help in determining relative locations, but they are more focused on absolute locations. 4. **Location of a particular place**: This is the most accurate statement. Latitude and longitude provide a precise way to identify the exact location of a place on the globe. Thus, the correct answer is that mathematical calculations using latitude and longitude allow us to determine the **location of a particular place**.