One of your chapter maps shows that the late Roman Republic controlled regions that included Germania. Egypt. Sarmatia. Dalmatia.

In the late Roman Republic, the expansion into regions like Germania was often marked by military campaigns and treaties, as leaders like Julius Caesar sought to extend Rome's influence. This turbulent period played a crucial role in shaping Rome’s future, leading to its transformation into an empire and setting the stage for cultural and political shifts that would last for centuries. Egypt, known for its rich culture and significant grain production, was a critical acquisition for Rome. The annexation of Egypt in 30 BC after the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra marked a significant moment, as it became a vital supplier of grain, fueling Rome's population and solidifying its power. The blending of Egyptian and Roman cultures also resulted in a vibrant artistic and intellectual exchange that left a lasting legacy.