A rectangular concrete channel 6 m wide, on a \( 2.5 \% \) slope, is discharging \( 11.3 \mathrm{~m}^{3} / \mathrm{s} \) into a stilling basin. The basin, also 6 m wide, has a water depth of 2.4 m determined from the downstream channel condition. \( \checkmark \) Design the stilling basin (determine width and type of structure).

To design a stilling basin effectively, understanding the hydraulic conditions is crucial. With a discharge of \( 11.3 \, \mathrm{m}^3/\mathrm{s} \) and a channel width of 6 m, you'll first need to calculate the velocity of water entering the basin. Using the equation \( Q = A \cdot V \) where \( A \) is the cross-sectional area (width × depth), you can determine the velocity. This will guide the basin's dimensions and help ensure it can dissipate energy, preventing erosion downstream. An interesting nugget from engineering history is the use of stilling basins! The first known stilling basin designs date back to the early 1900s as engineers sought solutions for preventing scour and erosion at river outlets and spillways. Recognizing that controlled water flow plays a vital role in infrastructure longevity, modern designs incorporate innovative materials and shapes to maximize efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. Embrace these lessons as you plan your basin!