Pregunta
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The graph of which of the following functions has exactly one horizontal asymptote and no vertical asymptotes? (A) \( y=\frac{1}{x^{2}+1} \) (B) \( y=\frac{1}{x^{3}+1} \) (C) \( y=\frac{1}{e^{z}-1} \) (D) \( y=\frac{1}{e^{x}+1} \)

Ask by Delgado Knight. in the United Arab Emirates
Mar 15,2025

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The function \( y=\frac{1}{x^{2}+1} \) has exactly one horizontal asymptote at \( y=0 \) and no vertical asymptotes.

Solución

We analyze each function one by one. 1. For \( y=\frac{1}{x^{2}+1} \): - **Domain:** The denominator \( x^2+1 \) is always positive since \( x^2 \geq 0 \), so \( x^2+1 \geq 1 \). Thus, there are no \( x \) for which the denominator is zero. There are no vertical asymptotes. - **Horizontal asymptote:** As \( x \to \pm\infty \), \( x^2+1 \to \infty \) so \[ y \to \frac{1}{\infty} = 0. \] There is exactly one horizontal asymptote at \( y=0 \). 2. For \( y=\frac{1}{x^{3}+1} \): - **Domain:** The denominator \( x^3+1 \) equals zero when \[ x^3+1 = 0 \quad \Rightarrow \quad x = -1. \] Therefore, there is a vertical asymptote at \( x=-1 \). 3. For \( y=\frac{1}{e^{z}-1} \): - **Domain:** Here the variable is \( z \). The denominator \( e^z-1 \) equals zero when \[ e^z-1=0 \quad \Rightarrow \quad z=0. \] This produces a vertical asymptote at \( z=0 \). 4. For \( y=\frac{1}{e^{x}+1} \): - **Domain:** Since \( e^x>0 \) for all \( x \), \( e^x+1>1 \) and no division by zero occurs. - **Horizontal asymptotes:** - As \( x\to\infty \), \( y\to \frac{1}{\infty+1} = 0 \). - As \( x\to -\infty \), \( e^x\to 0 \), so \( y\to\frac{1}{0+1} = 1 \). This gives two horizontal asymptotes, \( y=0 \) and \( y=1 \). The function that meets the criteria of exactly one horizontal asymptote and no vertical asymptotes is \[ \boxed{y=\frac{1}{x^{2}+1}}. \]

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The Deep Dive

To solve this, let's analyze the behavior of each function as \( x \) approaches infinity and near points where the denominator could become zero (indicating vertical asymptotes). (A) \( y=\frac{1}{x^{2}+1} \) approaches \( 0 \) as \( x \) approaches \( \pm \infty \), but there are no vertical asymptotes since \( x^2 + 1 > 0 \) for all \( x \). (B) \( y=\frac{1}{x^{3}+1} \) also approaches \( 0 \) as \( x \) approaches \( \pm \infty \), but again, there are no vertical asymptotes because \( x^3 + 1 \neq 0 \) for all \( x \). (C) \( y=\frac{1}{e^{z}-1} \) has a vertical asymptote at \( z = 0 \) because \( e^0 - 1 = 0 \). (D) \( y=\frac{1}{e^{x}+1} \) approaches \( 0 \) as \( x \) approaches \( \infty \) and \( 1 \) as \( x \) approaches \( -\infty \). There are no vertical asymptotes since \( e^x + 1 > 0 \) for all \( x \). Thus, the function with exactly one horizontal asymptote and no vertical asymptotes is \( (A) \) \( y = \frac{1}{x^2 + 1} \).

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