What is the major force that changes peat to coal?

The major force that transforms peat into coal is the immense pressure exerted by layers of sediment over time. As these layers accumulate, the pressure compacts the peat, squeezing out water and converting it into coal through a series of complex chemical and physical changes. This process, known as coalification, can take millions of years, as the peat transitions through stages from lignite to sub-bituminous, bituminous, and finally anthracite coal, depending on the conditions of heat and pressure. In the realm of real-world applications, understanding coal formation can be crucial for industries related to energy and mining. It allows engineers and geologists to identify potential coal deposits and assess their viability for extraction. Additionally, knowing the different coal types helps in determining their suitability for various applications, such as electricity generation or steel production, promoting better energy management and environmental considerations.