If the probability of a student's succesh is $$ 85 \% $$, then the probability of his failure is $$ \qquad $$ 7 A box contains 48 oranges, of which 8 are bad. If an orange is drawn randomly from the box , the probability that this orange is not bad is . $$ \qquad $$ 18 In a class with a number of students, $$ 25 \% $$ prefer reading scientific books, $$ 60 \% $$ prefer reading stories and novels, and the remainder prefer reading poetry. If one student is chosen randomly, the probability that they prefer reading poetry is $$ \qquad $$ 19 A bag contains a number of identical balls, half of which are red, one-third are black, and the remainder are white. If a ball is drawn randomly, the probability that the drawn ball is white is . $$ \qquad $$ 201 If one number is chosen randomly from the set of numbers $$ \{31,71,32,92,13\} $$, the probability that the sum of the digits of the chosen number is an even number

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1. The probability of failure is the complement of the probability of success. Thus,
   $$
   \text{Probability of failure} = 1 - 0.85 = 0.15.
   $$

2. A box contains 48 oranges with 8 bad ones. The number of good oranges is
   $$
   48 - 8 = 40.
   $$
   The probability of drawing a good orange is
   $$
   \frac{40}{48} = \frac{5}{6}.
   $$

3. In the class, $$25\%$$ of the students prefer scientific books and $$60\%$$ prefer stories and novels. The remaining percentage is
   $$
   100\% - (25\% + 60\%) = 15\%.
   $$
   Thus, the probability that a randomly chosen student prefers poetry is $$15\%$$ (or 0.15).

4. In the bag, half of the balls are red and one-third are black, which sum to
   $$
   \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} = \frac{3}{6} + \frac{2}{6} = \frac{5}{6}.
   $$
   The remaining fraction, which are white, is
   $$
   1 - \frac{5}{6} = \frac{1}{6}.
   $$
   So, the probability of drawing a white ball is $$\frac{1}{6}$$.

5. Consider the set of numbers $$\{31,71,32,92,13\}$$. Compute the sum of the digits for each:
   - For $$31$$: $$3+1=4$$ (even)
   - For $$71$$: $$7+1=8$$ (even)
   - For $$32$$: $$3+2=5$$ (odd)
   - For $$92$$: $$9+2=11$$ (odd)
   - For $$13$$: $$1+3=4$$ (even)

Out of 5 numbers, 3 have an even sum of digits. Thus, the probability is
   $$
   \frac{3}{5}.
   $$
1. The probability of failure is 15%. 2. The probability of drawing a good orange is $$\frac{5}{6}$$. 3. The probability of a student preferring poetry is 15%. 4. The probability of drawing a white ball is $$\frac{1}{6}$$. 5. The probability that the sum of the digits is even is $$\frac{3}{5}$$.

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