actions that occur when tectonic plates move. Daisy created two semantic maps to identify the meanings of the terms, examples of each, as well as the processes that created them. Their discussion highlights the effective- ness of student-created graphic organizers. DAISY: So, the plates kinda rub together for both, right? MARCO: Yeah, when the plates rub, it's the start of the process. But right here (points to a part of his graphic organizer), there's a differ- ence. In this direction, you get a volcano but in this direction you get an earthquake. See? JESSICA: I get it. It's like what I wrote in common. They both have a start with the tectonic plates of the Earth. And they both occur around the edges of plates, or the breaks in the plates. DAISY: Yeah, and we got some bad ones. Like the one in San Fran- cisco. Their conversation continues and the students regularly make refer-

The conversation among Daisy, Marco, and Jessica highlights the interactions and consequences of tectonic plate movements. Let's break down the key points and processes they discussed: 1. **Tectonic Plate Movement**: - Tectonic plates are large sections of the Earth's lithosphere that move and interact with each other. Their movement can lead to various geological phenomena. 2. **Types of Interactions**: - **Convergent Boundaries**: Plates move towards each other, which can lead to the formation of mountains or volcanic activity. For example, when an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, it can create a subduction zone, leading to volcanic eruptions. - **Divergent Boundaries**: Plates move apart from each other, which can lead to the formation of new crust, such as mid-ocean ridges. - **Transform Boundaries**: Plates slide past each other horizontally. This movement can cause earthquakes, as the stress builds up and is released. 3. **Examples of Geological Events**: - **Volcanoes**: Formed primarily at convergent boundaries where one plate is forced under another, leading to magma rising to the surface. - **Earthquakes**: Commonly occur at transform boundaries where plates grind against each other, causing stress to accumulate until it is released as seismic waves. 4. **Commonalities**: - Both processes (volcanoes and earthquakes) are initiated by the movement of tectonic plates and occur along the edges or faults of these plates. 5. **Real-World Example**: - The mention of San Francisco refers to the San Andreas Fault, a well-known transform boundary where significant earthquake activity occurs due to the sliding motion of the Pacific and North American plates. In summary, the students effectively discuss the relationship between tectonic plate movements and geological events, using their graphic organizers to clarify and visualize these concepts. Their conversation emphasizes the importance of understanding the processes that lead to natural phenomena like earthquakes and volcanoes.