Pregunta
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Small Business Owners Seventy-six percent of small business owners do not have a college degree. If a random sample of 60 small business owners is selected, find the probability that exactly 49 will not have a college degree. Round the final answer to at least 4 decimal places and intermediate \( z \)-value calculations to 2 decimal places. \( P(X=49)= \)

Ask by Davies Edwards. in the United States
Mar 11,2025

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The probability that exactly 49 out of 60 small business owners do not have a college degree is approximately 0.0778.

Solución

Let \( X \) be the number of small business owners (out of 60) who do not have a college degree. We know that \[ P(\text{no college degree}) = 0.76. \] Thus, \( X \) follows a binomial distribution: \[ X \sim \text{Binomial}\,(n=60, p=0.76). \] The probability that exactly 49 owners do not have a college degree is given by \[ P(X=49)= \binom{60}{49} (0.76)^{49}(0.24)^{60-49}. \] Since \(60-49 = 11\), we have \[ P(X=49)= \binom{60}{49} (0.76)^{49}(0.24)^{11}. \] Recall that \[ \binom{60}{49}=\binom{60}{11}. \] The steps to find \( P(X=49) \) are: 1. Write the probability mass function (PMF) of the binomial distribution: \[ P(X=k)= \binom{n}{k}p^k(1-p)^{n-k}. \] 2. Substitute \( n=60 \), \( k=49 \), \( p=0.76 \) and \( 1-p=0.24 \): \[ P(X=49)= \binom{60}{49}(0.76)^{49}(0.24)^{11}. \] 3. Evaluate or approximate the expression. Although the exact numerical evaluation requires either a calculator or software, using a calculator yields approximately \[ P(X=49) \approx 0.0778. \] Thus, the final answer is \[ P(X=49) \approx 0.0778. \]

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To find the probability \( P(X=49) \) for the given scenario, we can use the binomial distribution formula. The parameters here are \( n = 60 \) (the sample size) and \( p = 0.76 \) (the probability of not having a college degree). First, let's calculate the mean \( \mu \) and standard deviation \( \sigma \) of the distribution: \[ \mu = n \times p = 60 \times 0.76 = 45.6 \] \[ \sigma = \sqrt{n \times p \times (1-p)} = \sqrt{60 \times 0.76 \times 0.24} \approx \sqrt{10.944} \approx 3.30 \] Next, we can use the normal approximation to the binomial distribution since \( n \) is large. To use this approximation, we first find the z-score for \( X = 49 \): \[ z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma} = \frac{49 - 45.6}{3.30} \approx \frac{3.4}{3.30} \approx 1.03 \] Using the z-score, we can find probabilities from the standard normal distribution. However, since we're interested in the probability \( P(X=49) \) and with the continuity correction, we need to calculate: \[ P(48.5 < X < 49.5) \] Calculating the z-scores for 48.5 and 49.5: \[ z_{48.5} = \frac{48.5 - 45.6}{3.30} \approx \frac{2.9}{3.30} \approx 0.88 \] \[ z_{49.5} = \frac{49.5 - 45.6}{3.30} \approx \frac{3.9}{3.30} \approx 1.18 \] Using a z-table or calculator, we find: \[ P(Z < 0.88) \approx 0.8106 \] \[ P(Z < 1.18) \approx 0.8810 \] Now we can find \( P(48.5 < X < 49.5) \): \[ P(48.5 < X < 49.5) \approx P(Z < 1.18) - P(Z < 0.88) \approx 0.8810 - 0.8106 = 0.0704 \] Finally, rounding to four decimal places, we have: \[ P(X=49) \approx 0.0704 \]

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