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Complete each sentence about dosage compensation with the correct terms.

Ask by Colon Boyd. in the United States
Feb 14,2025

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Dosage compensation in mammals involves randomly inactivating one X chromosome in females, a process guided by Xist RNA. In male fruit flies, it's achieved by doubling the expression from the single X chromosome using a protein complex. In nematodes, hermaphrodites reduce X chromosome gene expression by half on both Xs. Overall, dosage compensation ensures equal X-linked gene expression between sexes despite differing numbers of X chromosomes.

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Dosage compensation is a biological process that aims to equalize the expression of genes located on the sex chromosomes to ensure that neither sex experiences an excess or deficit of gene dosage. In mammals, one of the X chromosomes in females is inactivated through a process called X-inactivation, which leads to the formation of a condensed structure known as a Barr body. In contrast, in fruit flies (Drosophila), males have a higher expression of genes on their single X chromosome, which is achieved by upregulating the transcription of X-linked genes to balance the gene dosage with that of females, who possess two X chromosomes.

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