Analysis Questions What are some of the physical characteristios that one can tell which side of the heart is the anterior surface and which side is the posterior surface?

The heart’s anterior (sternocostal) surface and its posterior (base) surface can be distinguished based on their anatomical features and relationships with surrounding structures: 1. Anterior (Sternocostal) Surface:  • This surface faces the sternum and costal cartilages.  • It is mostly formed by the right ventricle, which is the most prominent and anteriorly placed chamber. The right atrium and a small part of the left ventricle contribute to this surface as well.  • Because the right ventricle is more muscular and rounded, the anterior surface is convex in shape.  • Its location just behind the sternum makes it the “front” of the heart in the mediastinum. 2. Posterior (Base) Surface:  • This surface is directed toward the back of the mediastinum, adjacent to structures such as the esophagus and vertebral column.  • It is chiefly composed of the left atrium, which gives the heart a relatively flat and broad appearance on its back.  • The posterior surface is less convex and more “planar” compared to the anterior surface.  • Its deep location explains its relationship with structures like the descending aorta and the esophagus. In summary, by looking at which surface is in contact with the sternum (the anterior surface, with its prominent right ventricle) versus the one that lies against the vertebral column and esophagus (the posterior surface, largely formed by the left atrium), one can distinguish the two sides of the heart.