3.1 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) The questions below are based on the \( 1: 50000 \) topographic map (2930CA MARRIVALE) as well as the orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area. 3.1.1 Define the term GIS 3.1.2 Differentiate between Raster data and Vector data 3.1.3 (a) Define the term remote sensing (b) Give ONE advantage of remote sensing ( \( 1 \times 1 \) ) ( 3.1.4 Give ONE component of GIS

3.1.1 GIS (Geographical Information System) is an integrated system for capturing, storing, analyzing, and managing spatial/geographic data and associated attribute information. It enables users to visualize, interpret, and understand spatial patterns and relationships across a geographic area. 3.1.2 Raster data is composed of a grid of cells (pixels), each with a specific value representing information (e.g., elevation, temperature), and is best for continuous data. Vector data, on the other hand, uses geometric shapes such as points, lines, and polygons to represent discrete features (e.g., cities, roads, boundaries) and their attributes. 3.1.3 (a) Remote sensing is the process of acquiring information about the Earth's surface without making physical contact, typically through the use of satellite or airborne sensor technologies.   (b) One advantage of remote sensing is that it provides a synoptic (wide-area) view of large and often inaccessible areas, facilitating efficient monitoring and analysis. 3.1.4 One component of GIS is its data (comprising spatial and attribute data) which serves as the foundation for analysis, mapping, and decision-making.