QUESTION 30 Prop-1-ene is a flammable alkene. 30.1.1 Why is prop-1-ene considered to be a dangerous compound?) Through addition reactions, prop-1-ene can be converted to other compounds, such as alkanes and alcohols. 30.2 Which part of the structure of an alkene allows it to undergo addition reactions? 30.3 In one type of addition reaction, prop-1-ene can be converted to an alcohol. 30.3.1 Use structural formulae to write a balanced equation for the formation of the alcohol during this addition reaction. 30.3.2 Name the type of addition reaction that takes place. 30.3.3 Write down the name or formula of the catalyst used in this reaction. 30.4 Use molecular formulae to write down a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propane. Prop-1-ene can be produced from an alcohol by an elimination reaction. 30.5 Use structural formulae to write a balanced chemical equation for the formation of prop-1- ene from a PRIMARY alcohol. 30.6 Name the type of elimination reaction that takes place.

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$$ \boxed{\textbf{30.1.1}}$$  
Prop-1-ene is considered dangerous because it is highly flammable. Its carbon–carbon double bond is a region of high electron density making the molecule reactive; when combined with air, it forms explosive mixtures that can easily ignite.

$$ \boxed{\textbf{30.2}}$$  
The reactivity in alkenes comes from the carbon–carbon double bond ($$ \ce{C=C} $$). This unsaturation is electron rich, allowing the alkene to undergo addition reactions.

$$ \boxed{\textbf{30.3.1}}$$  
One common addition reaction is the hydration of prop-1-ene to form an alcohol. The structural equation for this reaction is:

$$
\ce{CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O ->[H^+] CH3-CH(OH)-CH3}
$$

$$ \boxed{\textbf{30.3.2}}$$  
This reaction is called a hydration reaction.

$$ \boxed{\textbf{30.3.3}}$$  
The catalyst used is typically a proton donor such as sulphuric acid, $$ \ce{H2SO4} $$ (or more generally, $$ \ce{H^+} $$ from an acid).

$$ \boxed{\textbf{30.4}}$$  
The complete combustion of propane ($$ \ce{C3H8} $$) is given by the balanced equation:

$$
\ce{C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O}
$$

$$ \boxed{\textbf{30.5}}$$  
Prop-1-ene can also be formed from a primary alcohol by an elimination (dehydration) reaction. If we start with propan-1-ol, the structural equation is:

$$
\ce{CH3-CH2-CH2OH -> CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O}
$$

$$ \boxed{\textbf{30.6}}$$  
The type of elimination reaction that takes place is known as a dehydration reaction.
**30.1.1** Prop-1-ene is dangerous because it's flammable. Its double bond makes it reactive, allowing it to form explosive mixtures with air. **30.2** The double bond ($$ \ce{C=C} $$) in alkenes makes them reactive and allows addition reactions. **30.3.1** Prop-1-ene reacts with water to form an alcohol: $$ \ce{CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O ->[H^+] CH3-CH(OH)-CH3} $$ **30.3.2** This is a hydration reaction. **30.3.3** The catalyst used is sulfuric acid ($$ \ce{H2SO4} $$). **30.4** Propane burns completely as: $$ \ce{C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O} $$ **30.5** Prop-1-ene is formed from propan-1-ol by removing water: $$ \ce{CH3-CH2-CH2OH -> CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O} $$ **30.6** This is a dehydration reaction.

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