4. What dilemma did Chief Justice John Marshall face in Marbury vs. Madison?
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In Marbury vs. Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall faced the dilemma of balancing judicial authority with the separation of powers. On one hand, delivering a writ of mandamus to compel Secretary of State Madison to deliver Marbury's commission would assert the power of the Supreme Court; on the other, it risked a confrontation with the newly elected administration of President Jefferson, which could undermine the authority and independence of the judiciary. Ultimately, Marshall cleverly turned this dilemma into a landmark decision by declaring that the law granting the Supreme Court the power to issue such writs was unconstitutional. This not only established the principle of judicial review but also navigated a politically charged situation, ensuring the court maintained its authority without overstepping its bounds.
