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Check all that's TRUE about the "best-fit" line? The line is horizontal when the correlation coefficient is 0 . It is used to predict values that are not in the data. It must contains all scattered points. It makes the least distance from every point. The slope is the correlation coefficient.

Ask by Horton Jimenez. in the United States
Mar 09,2025

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The best-fit line is horizontal when the correlation coefficient is 0 and it is used to predict values not in the data.

Solución

1. **The line is horizontal when the correlation coefficient is 0.** When the correlation coefficient \( r=0 \), the slope of the regression line \( b \) is given by \[ b = r\frac{s_y}{s_x} \] so \( b=0 \). Thus, the line is horizontal, showing that there is no linear relation between the variables. **This statement is true.** 2. **It is used to predict values that are not in the data.** The best-fit line (or regression line) is commonly used to predict or estimate the value of the dependent variable for new, unseen values of the independent variable (extrapolation or interpolation). **This statement is true.** 3. **It must contains all scattered points.** There is no requirement that the regression line passes through every data point. It is calculated to minimize the sum of the squares of the vertical differences between the observed values and the fitted values. **This statement is false.** 4. **It makes the least distance from every point.** The regression line is determined by minimizing the sum of the squares of the *vertical distances* (errors) from the data points to the line, not the perpendicular (shortest) distances. **This statement is false.** 5. **The slope is the correlation coefficient.** The slope \( b \) of the best-fit line is given by \[ b = r\frac{s_y}{s_x}, \] where \( s_y \) and \( s_x \) are the standard deviations of the \( y \) and \( x \) values respectively. The slope equals the correlation coefficient only when \( s_y = s_x \); in general, it is not equal to \( r \). **This statement is false.** Thus, the true statements are the first and the second.

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The Deep Dive

The line is horizontal when the correlation coefficient is 0, indicating no relationship between the variables, and it can indeed be used to predict values beyond the data range, a practice known as extrapolation. However, it does not need to contain all scattered points; it's more about minimizing the distance between itself and all points, focusing on the overall trend rather than exact matches. An interesting historical tidbit: the concept of the best-fit line traces back to the early 19th century with the work of mathematicians like Carl Friedrich Gauss, who developed the method of least squares. This technique revolutionized how we analyze data, laying the groundwork for statistical modeling that we still use today! For anyone looking to apply the best-fit line beyond basic stats, think of using it in fields like economics for forecasting trends, or in environmental science for predicting climate changes. It helps in making informed decisions based on data trends rather than guessing, which is super helpful in different real-world contexts!

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