ACTIVITY 3.3.3: YOMEWORKCLASS WORK (INDIVIDUYt WOHK) 1. Give the correct term or word for each of the following statements: 1.1 Micro organisms that bring about the decay of dead plants and animals. 1.2 Plants that manufacture their own food. 1.3 Animats that depend on other organisms for food. 1.4 Animals that obtain their food from both plant and animal matenal 1.5 Organisms that use the food and energy in the ecosystem. 2. Differentiate between a food chain and a food web. Draw dia Iltustrate both. 3. State whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, give a reason for your choice. 3.1 Herbivores, carnivores and omnivores are all animats. 3.2 Omnivores may belong to any trophic level except the first. 3.3 Decomposers are placed at the apex of an ecological pyramid. 3.4 An inverted pyramid of energy sometimes occurs. 3.5 A frog which feed on insects occuples level 2 of the food pyramid. 4. If we calculate the total amount of energy in each trophic level in a balanced ecosystem, and represent these graphically in sequence, one over the other, a pyramid of energy results. 4.1 Draw a diagram to illustrate such a pyramid. 4.2 Why is the total energy in any one trophic level always less than the total energy in the level immediately below it? (4) [33]

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### 1. Correct Terms for Each Statement

1.1 **Decomposers** - Microorganisms that bring about the decay of dead plants and animals.
1.2 **Autotrophs** - Plants that manufacture their own food.
1.3 **Heterotrophs** - Animals that depend on other organisms for food.
1.4 **Omnivores** - Animals that obtain their food from both plant and animal material.
1.5 **Consumers** - Organisms that use the food and energy in the ecosystem.

### 2. Food Chain vs. Food Web

- **Food Chain**: A linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another. It typically consists of producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and so on.

- **Food Web**: A complex network of feeding relationships (food chains) among various organisms in an ecosystem. It shows how different food chains are interconnected.

**Illustration**:
- **Food Chain**: 
  - Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Hawk

- **Food Web**: 
  - (Illustration would show multiple food chains interconnected, e.g., Grass → Grasshopper, Grass → Rabbit, Grasshopper → Frog, Rabbit → Fox, etc.)

### 3. True or False Statements

3.1 **True** - Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores are all animals.

3.2 **True** - Omnivores may belong to any trophic level except the first, as the first level consists of producers.

3.3 **False** - Decomposers are not placed at the apex of an ecological pyramid; they are usually at the base or not represented in the pyramid.

3.4 **False** - An inverted pyramid of energy does not occur in a balanced ecosystem; energy flow is always from producers to consumers.

3.5 **True** - A frog that feeds on insects occupies level 2 of the food pyramid (primary consumers).

### 4. Pyramid of Energy

4.1 **Diagram**: 
- (Illustration would show a pyramid with levels labeled as follows):
  - Level 1: Producers (e.g., plants) - Highest energy
  - Level 2: Primary Consumers (e.g., herbivores)
  - Level 3: Secondary Consumers (e.g., carnivores)
  - Level 4: Tertiary Consumers (e.g., top predators) - Lowest energy

4.2 **Explanation**: The total energy in any one trophic level is always less than the total energy in the level immediately below it due to energy loss at each trophic level. This loss occurs through metabolic processes, heat production, and waste, which means that only a fraction of the energy is transferred to the next level.

### Summary
This breakdown provides a comprehensive understanding of the concepts related to ecosystems, food chains, and energy pyramids. If you need further illustrations or clarifications, feel free to ask!
1. **Terms:** - 1.1 Decomposers - 1.2 Autotrophs - 1.3 Heterotrophs - 1.4 Omnivores - 1.5 Consumers 2. **Food Chain vs. Food Web:** - **Food Chain:** A linear sequence of organisms (e.g., Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Hawk) - **Food Web:** A complex network of interconnected food chains (e.g., multiple paths showing how different organisms feed on each other) 3. **True or False:** - 3.1 True - 3.2 True - 3.3 False (Decomposers are at the base, not the apex) - 3.4 False (Inverted pyramids don't occur in balanced ecosystems) - 3.5 True 4. **Pyramid of Energy:** - **Diagram:** A pyramid with levels from producers (most energy) to top predators (least energy) - **Explanation:** Energy decreases at each level due to losses in metabolic processes and waste. **Summary:** Decomposers break down dead organisms, autotrophs make their own food, heterotrophs depend on others, omnivores eat both plants and animals, and consumers use the energy in the ecosystem. Food chains are linear, while food webs are complex networks. Omnivores can be at any trophic level except the first, decomposers are at the base, and energy pyramids show energy flow from producers to top predators with decreasing energy at each level.

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