3.4 Refer to FIGURE 3.4 below. 3.4.1 Identify the factor affecting temperature in FIGURE 3.4 . \( (1 \times 2) \) (2) 3.4.2 Compare the temperature at the tropical rain forest to the tundra? \( (1 \times 2) \quad(2) \) 3.4.3 Compare the difference in vegetation as altitude increases? Give a reason for your answer? ( \( 4 \times 2 \) ) (8) 3.4.4 Mention another factor affecting temperature than those depicted alongside. \( (1 \times 2) \quad(2) \)

To address the questions related to temperature and vegetation, we will analyze each part step by step. ### 3.4.1 Identify the factor affecting temperature in FIGURE 3.4. **Answer:** The factor affecting temperature in FIGURE 3.4 is likely to be altitude or elevation. As altitude increases, temperature generally decreases due to the thinning of the atmosphere and reduced air pressure. ### 3.4.2 Compare the temperature at the tropical rain forest to the tundra? **Answer:** - The temperature in the tropical rain forest is typically warm and humid, averaging around 20-30°C (68-86°F) throughout the year. - In contrast, the tundra experiences much colder temperatures, often below freezing, averaging around -12 to 10°C (10 to 50°F) depending on the season. ### 3.4.3 Compare the difference in vegetation as altitude increases? Give a reason for your answer? **Answer:** - As altitude increases, vegetation changes from dense forests at lower elevations to sparse vegetation or even no vegetation at higher altitudes. - At lower altitudes, conditions are favorable for a variety of plant species due to warmer temperatures and adequate moisture. - As altitude increases, temperatures drop, and conditions become harsher, leading to a decrease in biodiversity. The vegetation becomes more adapted to cold and wind, resulting in smaller, hardier plants like shrubs and grasses at higher elevations. - The reason for this change is primarily due to the decrease in temperature and oxygen levels, which limits the types of plants that can survive. ### 3.4.4 Mention another factor affecting temperature than those depicted alongside. **Answer:** Another factor affecting temperature is latitude. Latitude influences the amount of solar energy received at different locations on Earth, with areas near the equator receiving more direct sunlight and thus higher temperatures compared to areas near the poles.