3. Describe the similar characteristics of two governments from Plains tribes.

- Both governments were based on decentralized leadership. Instead of a single, all-powerful ruler, their authority was distributed among councils or groups of leaders. For example, they often had councils with respected elders and warriors, where decisions were made by consensus. This can be represented symbolically as \[ \text{Authority} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} \text{Voice}_i, \] indicating that the collective input of all members carried weight. - Leadership roles were often tied to both war and peace. A chief might be recognized for his prowess in battle as well as his ability to lead in times of peace. However, his authority was balanced by the council, ensuring that power was not absolute. - Social responsibility and kinship were central to governance. The decisions taken by the councils or group of leaders were meant to reflect the welfare of the entire community rather than the interests of a single ruler. This structure ensured that familial and clan considerations were integrated into the political process. - The decision-making process emphasized consensus over majority rule. Leaders consulted with various segments of their society, ensuring that the voices of different family groups or clans were heard. This practice promoted unity and collective responsibility among tribe members. - Both governments maintained flexible leadership roles that allowed them to adapt to changing circumstances such as conflicts or shifting alliances with neighboring tribes. Leadership was often situational and could vary depending on the needs of the tribe at the time. In summary, the similar characteristics of these Plains tribe governments include decentralized, council-based leadership; emphasis on consensus and community welfare; dual roles in war and peace; and adaptability to social and environmental shifts.