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To graph \( f(x) = (x^2 + 10)(100 - x^2) \), follow these steps:
1. **Domain:** All real numbers (\( \mathbb{R} \)).
2. **Symmetry:** Even function, symmetric about the \( y \)-axis.
3. **Intercepts:**
- \( y \)-intercept at \((0, 1000)\).
- \( x \)-intercepts at \((-10, 0)\) and \((10, 0)\).
4. **End Behavior:** As \( x \to \pm\infty \), \( f(x) \to -\infty \).
5. **Local Extrema:**
- Local minimum at \((0, 1000)\).
- Local maxima at approximately \( x \approx \pm 6.708 \) with \( y \approx 3025 \).
6. **Inflection Points:** At \( x \approx \pm 3.873 \) with \( y \approx 2125 \).
**Sketching the Graph:**
- Plot the intercepts and extrema.
- Reflect the graph symmetrically about the \( y \)-axis.
- Draw the tails extending to \(-\infty\) as \( |x| \) increases beyond \(\pm10\).
This summary provides the key features needed to accurately sketch the graph of the function.
Solución
**Domain and Symmetry**
- The function
\[
f(x) = \left(x^2+10\right)\left(100-x^2\right) = -x^4+90x^2+1000
\]
is defined for all real numbers, i.e. its domain is \( \mathbb{R} \).
- Since the formula depends only on \( x^2 \), the function is even: \( f(-x)=f(x) \). This implies symmetry about the \( y \)-axis.
**Intercepts**
- \( y \)-intercept:
\[
f(0) = (0^2+10)(100-0^2)=10\times 100 = 1000.
\]
So the point is \((0,1000)\).
- \( x \)-intercepts: Set
\[
(x^2+10)(100-x^2)=0.
\]
The factor \( x^2+10=0 \) gives no real solution. The equation \( 100-x^2=0 \) yields
\[
x^2=100\quad\Longrightarrow\quad x=\pm 10.
\]
Thus the \( x \)-intercepts are \( (-10,0) \) and \( (10,0) \).
**End Behavior**
- The highest degree term is \( -x^4 \). Therefore, as
\[
x\to\pm\infty,\quad -x^4\to-\infty,
\]
so
\[
f(x)\to -\infty.
\]
**Critical Points and Local Extrema**
1. **Finding the derivative:**
\[
f(x)=-x^4+90x^2+1000.
\]
The first derivative is
\[
f'(x)=-4x^3+180x=-4x(x^2-45).
\]
2. **Critical points:**
\[
f'(x)=0\quad \Longrightarrow\quad x=0 \quad\text{or}\quad x^2=45,\quad x=\pm 3\sqrt{5}.
\]
3. **Function values at the critical points:**
- At \( x=0 \):
\[
f(0)=1000.
\]
- At \( x=3\sqrt{5} \) (and by symmetry at \( x=-3\sqrt{5} \)):
First note that
\[
(3\sqrt{5})^2=45 \quad \text{and} \quad (3\sqrt{5})^4=(45)^2=2025.
\]
Then,
\[
f(3\sqrt{5})=-2025+90\cdot 45+1000=-2025+4050+1000=3025.
\]
4. **Conclusion:**
- Local minima: At \((0,1000)\).
- Local maxima: At \((3\sqrt{5}, 3025)\) and \(( -3\sqrt{5}, 3025)\).
**Inflection Points**
1. **Second derivative:**
\[
f''(x)=-12x^2+180=-12\bigl(x^2-15\bigr).
\]
2. **Setting \( f''(x)=0 \):**
\[
x^2-15=0\quad \Longrightarrow\quad x=\pm\sqrt{15}.
\]
3. **Thus**, there are inflection points at \( x=\pm \sqrt{15} \).
For example, at \( x=\sqrt{15} \):
\[
f(\sqrt{15})=\bigl(15+10\bigr)\bigl(100-15\bigr)=25\cdot 85=2125.
\]
**Graph Characteristics Summary**
- **Domain:** \( \mathbb{R} \)
- **Symmetry:** Even (symmetric about the \( y \)-axis).
- **\( y \)-intercept:** \((0, 1000)\).
- **\( x \)-intercepts:** \((-10,0)\) and \((10,0)\).
- **End Behavior:** As \( x\to \pm \infty \), \( f(x)\to -\infty \).
- **Local Extremum:**
- Local minimum at \((0, 1000)\).
- Local maxima at \((3\sqrt{5}, 3025)\) and \(( -3\sqrt{5}, 3025)\).
- **Inflection Points:** At \( x=\pm \sqrt{15} \) (e.g. \( (\sqrt{15},2125) \) and by symmetry at \( (-\sqrt{15},2125) \)).
**Sketch Guidance**
- Plot the intercepts: mark \((0,1000)\) on the \( y \)-axis and \((-10, 0)\), \((10, 0)\) on the \( x \)-axis.
- Plot the local maxima at approximately \( x \approx \pm 6.708 \) (since \( 3\sqrt{5}\approx 6.708 \)) with \( y=3025 \).
- Note the local minimum at the origin’s vertical line \((0, 1000)\).
- Mark the inflection points at \( x\approx \pm 3.873 \) (since \( \sqrt{15}\approx 3.873 \)) with \( y\approx2125 \).
- Since the function is even, reflect the graph about the \( y \)-axis.
- Finally, draw the tails dropping to \(-\infty\) as \( |x| \) increases beyond the intercepts at \(\pm10\).
This completes the summary of the pertinent information and provides the main features needed to sketch the graph of
\[
f(x)=\left(x^2+10\right)\left(100-x^2\right).
\]
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