2.1.6 What is an Enzyme and also state which theory best describes how an Enzyme functions? a) b)

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### a) What is an Enzyme?

An enzyme is a biological catalyst that accelerates chemical reactions in living organisms. Enzymes are typically proteins, although some RNA molecules can also function as enzymes (these are known as ribozymes). They work by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, thereby increasing the rate of the reaction without being consumed in the process. Enzymes are highly specific, meaning that each enzyme typically catalyzes only one type of reaction or acts on a specific substrate.

### b) Which Theory Best Describes How an Enzyme Functions?

The theory that best describes how an enzyme functions is the **Lock and Key Model**. This model suggests that the enzyme (the "lock") has a specific shape that perfectly fits the substrate (the "key"). When the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme, it forms an enzyme-substrate complex, which facilitates the conversion of the substrate into products.

Another related theory is the **Induced Fit Model**, which proposes that the active site of the enzyme is flexible and can change shape to better fit the substrate upon binding. This model accounts for the dynamic nature of enzyme-substrate interactions and explains how enzymes can achieve a higher level of specificity and efficiency.

In summary, while both the Lock and Key Model and the Induced Fit Model describe enzyme function, the Induced Fit Model is more widely accepted in modern biochemistry for its ability to explain the flexibility and adaptability of enzymes.
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living things by lowering the energy needed for the reaction. The Induced Fit Model best explains how enzymes work, showing that the enzyme's active site changes shape to fit the substrate, allowing for efficient and specific reactions.

2.1.6 What is an Enzyme and also state which theory best describes how an Enzyme functions? a) b)

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