What is an inherent zero? Describe three examples of data sets that have inherent zeros and three that do not. B. Maximum wind speed during a hurricane \( \square \) C. Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit D. Average monthly precipitation in inches \( \square \) E. Average IQ score of a high school class \( \square \) F. A student's level of happiness measured from 0 to 10

An **inherent zero** is a point on a measurement scale that represents the complete absence of the quantity being measured. This characteristic is fundamental to **ratio scales**, where not only can differences between values be meaningful, but ratios can also be interpreted. In other words, an inherent zero allows for statements like "twice as much" or "half as much" to be valid. ### Examples of Data Sets with Inherent Zeros 1. **Maximum Wind Speed During a Hurricane (B)** - **Explanation:** Wind speed can be zero, indicating no wind at all. This zero point meaningfully represents the absence of wind. 2. **Average Monthly Precipitation in Inches (D)** - **Explanation:** Zero precipitation means no rainfall or snow, clearly indicating the absence of precipitation. 3. **A Student's Level of Happiness Measured from 0 to 10 (F)** - **Explanation:** A happiness score of zero represents no happiness, making the zero point meaningful in this context. ### Examples of Data Sets Without Inherent Zeros 1. **Temperature in Degrees Fahrenheit (C)** - **Explanation:** In Fahrenheit, zero does not indicate the absence of temperature. It's simply a point on the scale without representing "no temperature." 2. **Average IQ Score of a High School Class (E)** - **Explanation:** IQ scores are typically centered around a mean (e.g., 100). A score of zero is not meaningful and does not represent the absence of intelligence. 3. **[Additional Example Needed]** Since only five variables (B to F) were provided, an additional example outside this list would typically be needed. However, based on the provided items, three have inherent zeros (B, D, F) and two do not (C, E). ### Summary - **Data Sets with Inherent Zeros:** - Maximum wind speed during a hurricane (B) - Average monthly precipitation in inches (D) - A student's level of happiness measured from 0 to 10 (F) - **Data Sets Without Inherent Zeros:** - Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (C) - Average IQ score of a high school class (E) Understanding whether a data set has an inherent zero is crucial for selecting appropriate statistical analyses and accurately interpreting the results.