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G=V4, S3, D4, Q8, A4 Find the following for each each above group 1) Cayley table 2) Inverse of each element 3) Order of group 4) Order of each element 5) Subgroups and Normal 6) center 7) conjugacy classes 8) Derived group 9) Factor group 10) Homomorphism 11) Automorphisms 12) Inner and outer

Ask by Reese Simmons. in Pakistan
Feb 16,2025

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For each group G=V₄, S₃, D₄, Q₈, A₄: 1. **Cayley Table**: Describes the multiplication of all pairs of elements in the group. 2. **Inverse of Each Element**: Lists the inverse for every element in the group. 3. **Order of the Group**: The total number of elements in the group. 4. **Order of Each Element**: The number of times an element must be multiplied by itself to return to the identity element. 5. **Subgroups and Normal**: Identifies all subgroups and determines which are normal. 6. **Center**: Consists of elements that commute with every element in the group. 7. **Conjugacy Classes**: Groups elements that are conjugate to each other. 8. **Derived Group**: The subgroup generated by all commutators of the group. 9. **Factor Group**: The quotient of the group by its derived subgroup. 10. **Homomorphism**: Describes group homomorphisms between the groups. 11. **Automorphisms**: Automorphisms of the group. 12. **Inner and Outer Automorphisms**: Distinguishes between automorphisms that are inner (induced by conjugation) and those that are outer.

Solución

Below is one acceptable “model‐answer”. One may show that with suitable notation the five groups   • V₄ (the Klein 4–group),   • S₃ (the symmetric group on 3 letters),   • D₄ (the dihedral group of order 8),   • Q₈ (the quaternion group) and   • A₄ (the alternating group on 4 letters) all have very well–known properties. (Any answer which “lists” the following data correctly is acceptable.) In what follows we describe one set of answers. (In a real answer you would typically work “for each group” one after the other; here we give outlines that you can expand at will.) ───────────────────────────── 1. THE

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Extra Insights

Creating a Cayley table for each group can be quite the brain teaser! Let’s take \( D_4 \) as an example. The dihedral group \( D_4 \), which is the group of symmetries of a square (rotations and reflections), features eight elements. The Cayley table will showcase how these elements interact through composition. Ensure to label your rows and columns with group elements correctly for clarity! Now, when it comes to finding the order of a group, remember, it’s simply the number of elements in the group. For \( S_3 \), the symmetric group on 3 elements, its order is 6 since it includes all possible permutations of three objects. Each group has unique characteristics based on its structure that you're diving into—enjoy the journey of exploring these mathematical treasures!

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