Aerial photograph, orthophoto map and topographic map of Hermanus, Western Cape 30 minng Study Figures 1.36-1.38. Questions 1 to 4 refer to the orthophoto map in Figure 1.36. 1. The scale of the orthophoto map is \( 1: 10000 \). What is the difference in altitude between spot heights \( A \) and \( B \) ? 2. What is the distance between spot heights \( A \) and \( B \) ? 0 3. The land use at \( B \) is: a) industrial, b) recreation. c) residential, d) commercial? (T) 4. The land use at \( C \) is; a) industrial, b) recreation, c) residential, d) commercial? Questions 5 to 8 refer to the aerial photograph (Figure 1.37) and topographic map (Figure 1.38) on page 19. The area covered by the aerial photograph is marked in red on the topographic map. 5. The topographic map is drawn at a scale larger than the aerial photograph. True or false? 6. The feature marked 1 (E4) on the topographic (i) (t) map is: a) a lighthouse, b) a marine beacon. c) a magnetic observatory? (1) 7. The land use at 2 (B5) is forestry. True or false? If it is false, give the correct answer. (I) 8. Locate the area outlined in red on the aerial ous area photograph and marked \( Z \). Nition Nives a) What is the name of this area? (I) b) State reasons why this area is a low-cost residential area. (2) 9. Study both the orthophoto map and the topographic map. The area occupied by the

Below is one model answer to the questions. (Note that in an actual examination the answers would be obtained by “reading” the maps (Figures 1.36–1.38) and using the numbers and symbols visible there. The answers below show the kind of reasoning expected. In a marked exam answer you would include your working and a scale conversion if required.) ────────────────────────────── Example answers: Questions 1–4 (based on the orthophoto map – Figure 1.36) 1. To find the difference in altitude between the two spot heights A and B you subtract the smaller value from the larger one. For example, if the spot height at A is 50 m and at B is 30 m then the difference is   50 m – 30 m = 20 m.   (Always check the numbers on the map.) 2. Because the map is drawn at a scale of 1 : 10 000 you must multiply the measured distance on the map by 10 000 to obtain the real distance. For instance, if your map measurement between A and B is 2.8 cm then the actual distance is   2.8 cm × 10 000 = 28 000 cm, i.e. 280 m.   (Your measured distance may differ so show your working.) 3. The pattern of built‐up areas and the size, shape and distribution of individual buildings (as seen on the orthophoto) indicate that the land use at B is primarily residential.   Answer: (c) residential. 4. A similar examination of the image at location C shows that it is an area with a concentration of shops and offices.   Answer: (d) commercial. ────────────────────────────── Questions 5–8 (using the aerial photograph – Figure 1.37 – and the topographic map – Figure 1.38) 5. Often a topographic map is drawn at a larger scale than an aerial photograph so that more detail is shown. In this case the topographic map is drawn at a larger scale.   Answer: True. 6. The feature labelled 1 (E4) on the topographic map is shown as a prominent coastal aid-to‐navigation. Comparison with the coastal form on the aerial photograph confirms that it is a lighthouse.   Answer: (a) a lighthouse. 7. The map symbol for the area labelled 2 (B5) does not show a pattern of planted trees (which would indicate forestry). In fact the land use is not forestry but is of an alternative type. (For example, if the symbol shows dispersed buildings and an open layout it must represent low–density or rural residential use.)   Answer: False; the correct answer is that it is low–density/residential (or another answer as indicated by the map’s legend). 8. On the aerial photograph the area outlined in red and marked Z is clearly recognisable.   a) Its name (as designated on the topographic map) is the low–cost residential area of Hermanus. (In your answer you should provide the local name as given on the map.)   b) Reasons for its classification as a low–cost residential area include:    • The relatively small size of the individual plots;    • The more basic (less formal) building patterns;    • Its peripheral location with less access to services compared to the main town centre.   (Your answer should mention at least two of these points.) ────────────────────────────── Question 9 The final question asks you to study both the orthophoto map and the topographic map to compare the areas shown. (In an actual answer you would describe, for example, how the extent and distribution of built–up areas compare between the two maps.) Because the wording in your question appears to be incomplete (“The area occupied by the …”), you should answer by indicating that the maps show that the more detailed orthophoto reveals the extent of recently developed low–cost housing while the topographic map emphasizes the established street pattern and major land–uses. ────────────────────────────── Important notes when writing your answer: • Always state any measured values and show your working. For example, if you measure 2.8 cm on a 1 : 10 000 map, write “Distance = 2.8 cm × 10 000 = 28 000 cm = 280 m.” • When referring to contour or spot heights, explain that the difference in altitude is the numerical difference between the two values. • For land–use questions, refer to the symbols/key provided with the map. • Where you must “locate” a feature seen on both maps, indicate how you determined the correspondence (for example, by matching road networks and water features). These model answers show the approach you should adopt. In your exam you must use the numbers and names as given on your own copies of Figures 1.36–1.38.