Nicole earns more than Tyler, and she came by her income fairly and honestly. Which of the following political philosophies would argue against the redistribution of income from Nicole to Tyler? a. Utilitarianism b. Liberal contractarianism c. Libertarianism d. Socialism e. None of the answer choices

To determine which political philosophy would argue against the redistribution of income from Nicole to Tyler, let's analyze each option: a. **Utilitarianism**: This philosophy focuses on maximizing overall happiness or utility. It may support redistribution if it leads to a greater overall benefit, so it does not necessarily argue against redistribution. b. **Liberal contractarianism**: This philosophy emphasizes fairness and the social contract. It may support some form of redistribution to ensure fairness, so it does not strongly argue against it. c. **Libertarianism**: This philosophy values individual rights and property rights highly. Libertarians argue that individuals have the right to keep what they earn and oppose redistribution of income, especially if it is taken from someone who earned it fairly. d. **Socialism**: This philosophy advocates for the redistribution of wealth and resources to achieve equality, so it would not argue against redistribution. e. **None of the answer choices**: This option suggests that all the previous philosophies would support redistribution, which is not accurate. Based on this analysis, the political philosophy that would argue against the redistribution of income from Nicole to Tyler is: **c. Libertarianism**.