4. Name two processes in Model 1 in which warer is converted to vapor. 5. Describe two methods by which water on land (in lakes and rivers) renurns to the occans, 6. Rain, slect, and snow are eramples of what? 7. If the air contains high levels of pollutants, what effect might this have on water quality? 8. Which process(es) of the water cycle-precipitation, evaporarion, condensation, nunoff, percolation or transpiration-might contribute to the addition of pollurants to rivers, lakes, and oceans? Why? 9. Which of the processes associated with the water cyde might be responsible for helping to clean or filter the water?

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**4. Two processes in Model 1 in which water is converted to vapor:**  
- **Evaporation:** Water is transformed from liquid to vapor as it is heated by the sun from bodies like lakes, rivers, and oceans.  
- **Transpiration:** Plants release water vapor into the air through pores in their leaves.

**5. Two methods by which water on land returns to the oceans:**  
- **Surface Runoff:** Water flows over the land’s surface (in streams and rivers) and eventually reaches the ocean.  
- **Groundwater Flow:** Water infiltrates the soil, recharges aquifers, and can slowly seep out into the oceans.

**6. Rain, sleet, and snow are examples of:**  
- **Precipitation.**

**7. Effect of high levels of pollutants in the air on water quality:**  
- Polluted air can lead to the formation of acid rain when contaminants combine with atmospheric moisture. This acid rain, when it falls, can lower the pH of lakes, rivers, and oceans, harming aquatic ecosystems and degrading water quality.

**8. Processes that might contribute to the addition of pollutants to water bodies and why:**  
- **Precipitation:** Pollutants in the air can be dissolved in rainwater, leading to acid rain that directly deposits harmful substances into water bodies.  
- **Runoff:** As water flows over the land, it can collect pollutants (such as pesticides, fertilizers, or urban waste) and carry them into rivers, lakes, and oceans.

**9. Process responsible for helping to clean or filter the water:**  
- **Percolation:** When water infiltrates through the soil, it passes through layers of sediment and organic matter which act as natural filters, removing impurities before the water reaches aquifers or streams.
**4. Two processes converting water to vapor in Model 1:** - Evaporation: Water turning to vapor from lakes, rivers, and oceans. - Transpiration: Plants releasing water vapor through leaves. **5. Two methods water on land returns to the oceans:** - Surface Runoff: Water flowing over land into rivers and lakes. - Groundwater Flow: Water seeping into the soil and aquifers to reach the oceans. **6. Rain, sleet, and snow are examples of:** - Precipitation. **7. Effect of high air pollutants on water quality:** - Polluted air can cause acid rain, which lowers the pH of lakes, rivers, and oceans, harming aquatic life. **8. Processes that add pollutants to water bodies:** - Precipitation: Pollutants dissolve in rain and deposit into water. - Runoff: Pollutants from land surfaces are carried into rivers, lakes, and oceans. **9. Process that helps clean or filter water:** - Percolation: Water passing through soil layers, filtering out impurities before reaching aquifers or streams.

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