Pregunta
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Sasha is carrying out a survey of her class to see how many people own a mobile phone or a laptop. The proportion of people who own a mobile phone is 0.6 The proportion of people who own a laptop is \( 35 \% \) From these results, Sasha thinks that some people in her class must own neither a mobile phone nor a laptop. Is Sasha correct? Write a sentence to explain your answer.

Ask by Hampton Lane. in the United Kingdom
Mar 08,2025

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Yes, Sasha is correct. Even if no one owns both a mobile phone and a laptop, at least 5% of the class owns neither.

Solución

1. Let \( p(M) = 0.6 \) be the proportion of people who own a mobile phone and \( p(L) = 0.35 \) be the proportion of people who own a laptop. 2. Using the formula for the union of two events, we have \[ p(M \cup L) = p(M) + p(L) - p(M \cap L) \] Since \( p(M \cap L) \geq 0 \), the maximum value of \( p(M \cup L) \) is \[ p(M) + p(L) = 0.6 + 0.35 = 0.95 \] 3. Even if no student owns both devices (i.e., \( p(M \cap L) = 0 \)), at most \( 95\% \) of the class owns a mobile phone or a laptop. This means at least \[ 1 - 0.95 = 0.05 \] or \( 5\% \) of the class would own neither. 4. If some students own both devices, then \( p(M \cap L) > 0 \) and \[ p(M \cup L) = 0.6 + 0.35 - p(M \cap L) < 0.95 \] which would result in an even higher percentage of students owning neither. Yes, Sasha is correct because even in the best-case scenario where there is no overlap, at least \( 5\% \) of the class would own neither a mobile phone nor a laptop, and this percentage increases if there is any overlap.

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Bonus Knowledge

To determine if Sasha is correct, we can analyze the proportions: 0.6 (or 60%) of her classmates own a mobile phone, and 35% own a laptop. If we assume there is no overlap (i.e., no one owns both), the total would be 95% of the class owning either a mobile phone or a laptop. This suggests that at least 5% might own neither, supporting Sasha's belief. However, without more information about the overlap, we cannot be certain.

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