ACTIVITY 4 DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS Study the extract below and answer the questions that follow. "Democracy cannot be defined without human rights, therefore the relationship between democracy and human rights is intricate, symbiotic and mutually constitutive. A rights-based approach to democracy grounded in the rule of law is considered increasingly the most consistent safeguard against human rights abuses." (Democracy and Human Rights UN Publications) Write your answers in paragraphs. 4.1 List the THREE levels of government. \( (3 \times 1)(3) \) 4.2 Mention FIVE factors the that may lead to unruly and chaotic behaviour eventually disrupting games. \( (5 \times 1)(5) \) 4.3 Explain what is meant by the following: 4.3.1 Lobbying \( (1 \times 2)(2) \) 4.3.2 Advocacy \( (1 \times 2)(2) \) 4.3.3 Mandates \( (1 \times 2)(2) \) 4.4 Discuss TWO ways on how sport can contribute to nation building. \( (2 \times 2)(4) \) 4.5 Recommend TWO strategies that can be used to prevent injury of participants during games. \( (2 \times 2)(4) \) [22]

**4.1** The three levels of government typically include the local government (municipal or town councils), the state or provincial government, and the federal or national government. Each level has its own distinct responsibilities and functions that contribute to public administration. **4.2** There are several factors that may lead to unruly and chaotic behavior during games. One factor is inadequate crowd management and security which may fail to control large, emotional groups. Another is a lack of discipline or proper enforcement of rules among participants and spectators. Additionally, heightened rivalries or unresolved disputes can escalate tensions during and after games. The influence of alcohol or other substances can reduce inhibitions and increase aggression. Finally, poor officiating or unclear communication regarding rules can leave participants and fans frustrated, ultimately disrupting the game. **4.3.1 Lobbying** Lobbying is the process by which individuals or groups actively attempt to influence decisions made by government officials or legislators. This is typically done through organized communication, meetings, or presentations in order to persuade policymakers to support or oppose a specific legislative proposal or policy initiative. **4.3.2 Advocacy** Advocacy involves publicly supporting a cause or proposal by raising awareness, mobilizing public opinion, and influencing decision makers. It is focused on promoting changes in policy or practice through campaigns, education, and community engagement rather than direct persuasion of policy makers alone. **4.3.3 Mandates** Mandates refer to the official orders or authoritative directives granted to governmental bodies or officials. These serve as the legal and/or political permission to implement specific policies or carry out designated responsibilities, often derived from an electoral mandate or legislative approval. **4.4** Sport can contribute to nation building in several ways. One significant method is by uniting people from different backgrounds and fostering social cohesion. When citizens support the same team or participate in community sporting events, it builds a sense of national identity and pride that can bridge ethnic, cultural, or regional divides. A second way sport aids nation building is through its role in promoting healthy lifestyles, teamwork, and discipline. These values are essential to developing a productive and cohesive society. Moreover, international sporting achievements and events can enhance a country's reputation on the world stage, attract investment, and boost social and economic development. **4.5** To prevent injury of participants during games, one effective strategy is to enforce strict safety regulations. This includes ensuring that all players use the appropriate protective equipment, undergo proper training, and follow standardized rules designed to minimize hazardous play. A second strategy is to guarantee the presence of qualified medical and emergency personnel during events. This ensures immediate attention in the event of an injury, supports rapid response protocols, and helps maintain a safe environment for all participants. \( (3 \times 1 = 3) \) \( (5 \times 1 = 5) \) \( (1 \times 2 = 2) \) \( (2 \times 2 = 4) \)