IVIs A, G1 P0 attended ANC clinic for the first time at 22 weeks pregnant she reported yellow mucopurulent discharge, and dysuria, she further reported that she noticed a red sore in the vaginal though not painful, swollen gland on the groin and the vulval warts, all have started 2 weeks ago She was accompanied by Ms D , G2 P1 who is also pregnant at 24 weeks. When interviewed, she reported purulent, offensive greenish and watery discharge, lower abdominal pains, backache frequency of unine, severe dysuria, occasional bleeding, vulval sweling and dyspareunia at times, all started 1-2 weeks ago Mrs A also stated that she was never treated for STIs before and her husband never shared if he has. They never used protection as she wanted to concelve Ms D mentioned that she was treated for STI before and that the current pregnancy is from different partner Both of them were examined, swollen, inflamed cervix with erosion was observed from Mrs A and it was observed that Ms D's bleeding is from the cervix and was no vaginal infection. The following laboratory tests were done for both of them: Blood for RPR, cervical and vaginal swab, including urine specimen for culture were collected from Mrs A and vaginal smear \& fluid, cervical swab and urine specimen were also collected from Ms D. The following organisms were identified from their specimens Mrs A, Treponema pallidum, Human papilloma virus and Chlamydia Trachomatis, Ms D, Nelsseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans. Treatment was recommended for both of them to prevent complications INTRODUCTION 11. Define the concepts relevant to STIs. 1.2. Identify STIs revealed in Mrs A and Ms D's results 1.3. Describe the diagnostic approaches to be applied in diagnosing Mrs A an Ms D's 1.4. Describe the protocol tool to be applied for screening STIs in pregnancy 1.5. Describe the psychological aspects that may affect both women in the scenario post diagnoses 1.6. Identify the risk factors for Mrs A and Ms D that are associated with STIs pregnancy 1.7. Discuss the preventive measures and related complications for STIs 18. Describe the management for Mrs A and Ms D's conditions. 1.9 CONCLUTION
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Bonus Knowledge
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that are primarily spread through sexual contact. They can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites and often present with various symptoms, including discharge, pain, and sores. STIs can have serious implications, especially during pregnancy, as they can affect both maternal and fetal health, leading to complications like preterm labor and low birth weight. In the cases of Mrs. A and Ms. D, Mrs. A was diagnosed with Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Human papilloma virus (HPV), and Chlamydia Trachomatis, suggesting a mix of bacterial and viral infections. Conversely, Ms. D had Nesseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea), Trichomonas vaginalis, and Candida albicans (a yeast infection). Each STI requires specific diagnostic tests, often involving swabs and cultures, to confirm the presence of the pathogens, and comprehensive treatment plans to prevent further complications.
