13 The points \( A(3,5), B(-5,9) \) and \( C(k, k+2) \) are the vertices of a triangle \( A B C \). (i) Given that the area of the triangle \( A B C \) is 18 units \( { }^{2} \), find the possible values of \( k \). (ii) Hence find the height of triangle \( A B C \) for which the base is \( A B \).
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To find the values of \( k \) that make the area of triangle \( ABC \) equal to 18 square units, we can use the formula for the area of a triangle given by vertices at \( (x_1, y_1), (x_2, y_2), (x_3, y_3) \): \[ \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \left| x_1(y_2 - y_3) + x_2(y_3 - y_1) + x_3(y_1 - y_2) \right| \] Substituting the coordinates of points \( A(3, 5), B(-5, 9), C(k, k + 2) \): \[ \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \left| 3(9 - (k + 2)) + (-5)((k + 2) - 5) + k(5 - 9) \right| \] This simplifies to: \[ \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \left| 3(7 - k) - 5(k - 3) - 4k \right| \] Calculating: \[ = \frac{1}{2} \left| 21 - 3k - 5k + 15 - 4k \right| = \frac{1}{2} \left| 36 - 12k \right| = 18 \] This leads to: \[ \left| 36 - 12k \right| = 36 \] This results in two equations: 1. \( 36 - 12k = 36 \) ⟹ \( k = 0 \) 2. \( 36 - 12k = -36 \) ⟹ \( 12k = 72 \) ⟹ \( k = 6 \) Thus, the possible values of \( k \) are \( 0 \) and \( 6 \). Now, to find the height of triangle \( ABC \) when the base is \( AB \): The length of base \( AB \) can be calculated as follows: \[ AB = \sqrt{(3 - (-5))^2 + (5 - 9)^2} = \sqrt{(3 + 5)^2 + (5 - 9)^2} = \sqrt{8^2 + (-4)^2} = \sqrt{64 + 16} = \sqrt{80} = 4\sqrt{5} \] The area \( A \) is also given by the formula \( \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{base} \times \text{height} \). We know the area is 18: \[ 18 = \frac{1}{2} \times 4\sqrt{5} \times \text{height} \] Solving for height: \[ 18 = 2\sqrt{5} \times \text{height} \Rightarrow \text{height} = \frac{18}{2\sqrt{5}} = \frac{9}{\sqrt{5}} = \frac{9\sqrt{5}}{5} \] Thus, the height of triangle \( ABC \) for which the base is \( AB \) is \( \frac{9\sqrt{5}}{5} \).
